Dna Extraction Lab Write Up

A lot of people are interested in figuring out their genetic heritage. With that information they seek to figure out if their is a root cause to their health problems or just to see where their family was from based off of their DNA. Sequencing and analyzing DNA for individuals was not always possible. But as new methods were created, DNA analysis services were sold to people so they could have a deeper understanding about themselves, like how ones body is effected by caffeine.

In order to extract DNA from any living thing, we needed to first gather the materials. Then we began the experiment. Step 1, put in a blender 1/2 cup of split peas (100ml), 1/8 teaspoon table salt (less than 1ml), and 1 cup cold water (200ml). Next, we blended the materials on high for 15 seconds. This allowed the pea cells to separate from each other, so we now had a really thin pea-cell soup. Step 2, poured our thin pea-cell soup through a strainer into another container. Added 2 tablespoons of liquid detergent (about 30ml) and swirled to mix. We then let the mixture incubate for 7 minutes. Poured the mixture into test tubes containers, and filled each about 1/3 full. Step 3, added a pinch of meat tenderizer to each test tube and stirred gently to make sure we didn’t break up the DNA. Step 4, tilted our test tube and slowly poured rubbing alcohol (70-95% isopropyl or ethyl alcohol) into the tube down the side so that it forms a layer on top of the pea mixture. Poured until we had about the same amount of alcohol in the tube as pea mixture. Alcohol is less dense than water, so it floats on top. From there we looked for clumps of white stringy stuff where the water and alcohol layers meet. The white stringy stuff was tangled DNA molecules. Thus, we completed DNA extraction. As we performed the experiment we made no changes to the original protocol.

Moreover, as more cells are broken down the more DNA will be isolated. Then, mixed the KAc/LiCl working solution thoroughly and waited for 10 minutes. Separation of cell debris from the nucleic acid occurred during this part of the procedure. Added EtOH so that the pellet will move through the EtOH and recovered the pellet.

Lab Report What is DNA? What do the letters stand for? What is it composed of? Where is it found?

After the spike in DNA discoveries and confirmations that could be compared to the 1849 California gold rush, scientists began to try to find other uses for DNA. Since then, DNA has been used for many things such as finding criminals and confirming paternity/maternity. Also DNA has been used to track diseases and problems that start at the molecular level. Three of the newer advances in DNA technology are DNA Fingerprinting, Recombinant DNA (rDNA) and Paternity/Maternity Tests.

Initial trials were performed in class of DNA extraction. This time strawberry was used. The process that was undertaken

Cell lysis solution was used to lyse the cellular membrane. At this stage, the nuclei are still intact. The next step was addition of Puregene Proteinase K after centrifuging .This was added to aid in the digestion of contaminating proteins such nucleases which degrade DNA and the nuclei wall so that we can obtain the DNA from the nucleus and also release the strands of DNA from the histones (6). Protein precipitation solution was then added to precipitate all the cellular debris to obtain only the DNA (7). After another centrifugation step, the left over pellet is the debris while the supernatant contains the DNA. Next, the supernatant was added to the isopropanol and glycogen solution. Isopropanol was added to precipitate the DNA since it is less soluble in isopropanol. However, whatever salts are present in solution have a greater tendency to precipitate as well (8).Glycogen solution is added to maximise the amount of DNA recovered after precipitation (9).Finally, the pellet which is obtained after another round of centrifuging was washed with ethanol which was to remove all traces of glycogen solution as it can affect the purity of the DNA being recovered. DNA hydration is used to hydrate and since pH changes can easily occur, to stabilize the pH A summary of all the solutions and their respective functions are shown

DNA Extraction Pre- lab: Title: DNA Extraction A: hypothesis: I hypothesize that the DNA can be extracted and isolated from the Strawberry using the Extraction buffer and ethanol. B: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is an extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms. DNA is a small element of our body.

DNA is the genetic blueprint for life because it contains the instructions that oversee the development of an organism. Taking samples of DNA and analyzing them to determine if they come from the same individual is known as DNA profiling. Investigators gather items such as hair, saliva, semen and blood that could contain DNA from a crime scene. DNA profiling is also used in paternity testing, victim identification and evolution research. First, the collected DNA samples are isolated. Next, selected sequences from each DNA sample are replicated to produce a large sample of DNA fragments. Finally, the enlarged DNA samples are compared to other samples to determine whether the samples came from the same person or

When water and DNA interact, a hydration shell forms around the DNA (which is made up of nucleic acids), as both the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA as well as the water are polar and so they attract each other. When salt is present in the solution, is dissociates into its ions; Na⁺ and Cl⁻. The hydration shell blocks the positive sodium ions from interacting with the negatively charged phosphate backbone. When ethanol is added, which is less polar than both the water and DNA, it disrupts the hydration shell. This allows the sodium ions to interact with the phosphate backbone causing the DNA to precipitate out of the solution, with the salt.

In essence, as the cancer responded to treatment, the same patterns and genetic changes were recorded in the blood samples as well. This provides “proof-of-principle” that monitoring tumor DNA in blood can accurately predict the following developments of

In order to create a DNA fingerprint, a sample of cells containing DNA must be obtained first. This may be in the form of hair, blood, or skin. DNA is extracted and purified from the cells. This was originally done with restriction fragment length polymorphic technology. During this procedure, DNA is broken down into individual strands at specific locations. These strands, known as restriction enzymes,

The enzymatic method includes the PK (proteinase K) that digest the protein. And removes histones. The second step it’s the protein removal which include the organic solvent which is the PCI (Phenol chloroform isoamyl alcohol) is made of two phases water phase and a phenol phase so the DNA stays in the water in the upper phase and the proteins are partition into the phenol and goes down in the eppendorf tube because the Phenol is more dense then water. The third step is the DNA orecipitation where we use the NaCl (Sodium chloride) it’s the salt, the salt bind to phosphate and cause the DNA strands to get closer to each other and precipitate down the tube.

In addition, everyone has DNA and it is located within the nucleus of our cells throughout our bodies. For example blood, saliva, and hair can be used to trace our DNA. During the first step of the DNA extraction process cells get broke open in order to release DNA molecules into a solution. Additionally, during DNA testing the extraction has to be examined to ensure that it is human and not bacteria or something else. Furthermore, there is also a DNA amplification technique known as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which makes millions of copies of a certain DNA sequence within a few hours. The PCR process is crucial because many times DNA is limited at a crime scene (Bureau of Criminal Apprehension,

Hypothesis: If I didn’t add the alcohol to the strawberry solution, the DNA will stay in the water. If I add the alcohol to the strawberry solution, the DNA will show on the top of the cup by separating.