DIFFICULTY DIANOSING 16 YEAR OLDS WITH BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
INTRODUCTION:
For many years, Borderline personality disorder was considered a mental illness only associated with adults above age 18, however in recent years mental health professionals have begun to consider the possibility of Borderline Personality Disorder being diagnosed in adolescents. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by extreme patterns of impulsivity such as promiscuous sex, spending sprees, reckless drinking or abusing substances, unstable and intense personal relationships and an unstable self-image, amongst a few other symptoms. It is important to remember when making a diagnosis of Borderline personality disorder that quite often
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D) The pattern is stable and of long duration, its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood.
E) The enduring pattern is not better accounted for as a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder.
F) The enduring pattern is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g. a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e.g. head trauma)”
These disorders can have a serious effect on an individual’s quality of life. Personality disorders have a far-reaching affect, not only affecting the individuals themselves, but also their families and loved ones and their work colleagues.
2. DEFINING BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER:
Borderline Personality Disorder is characterized by a number of different symptoms, most markedly with severe patterns of impulsivity, instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and affect. There are a number of other symptoms associated with this disorder, such as:
• Suicidal thoughts and behaviours
• Heightened and extreme fear of abandonment and rejection, which result in intense emotions from this fear
• Intense emotional pain often resulting in Self harming behaviours to reduce the intense pain
• Partaking in ‘distortion campaigns’
• Difficult in regulating emotions
• Intense feelings of anger and/or emptiness
• Stress related changed in thinking,
Most patients of borderline personality disorder suffer from problems regulating emotions and thoughts, impulsive and reckless behavior, and unstable relationships with other people. People with this disorder have high rates of depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and eating disorders. Oftentimes, it leads to self-harm, and suicidal behaviors.
Furthermore, borderline personality disorder is clinically defined as ones instability which is evident in their relationships, emotions, behavior and image of themselves. Persons with such disorder may have feelings of abandonment. Often in efforts to manipulate people back into relationships, they take part in self-manipulating behavior or suicidal attempts. Suicide is sometimes attempted impulsively by persons in periods of extreme depression. In addition people often experience strong emotions and strong desires for intimacy.
After reviewing the mental status examination results and reviewing the client clinical, psychological and personal history. The client demonstrated five to six out of nine possible factors that are associated with Borderline Personality Disorder. Clearly, the client has additional symptoms that may not be view within the Borderline Personality Disorder characteristics but play a role on the behaviors that are associated with the disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder – 5th Ed (2013), describes Borderline Personality Disorder as, a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal, self-image, and affects and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of context as indicated by five or more characteristics.
Assessment of the patient with borderline personality disorder is inclusive of the patient's: (1) physical; (2) emotional; (3) cognitive; (4) social; and (5) spiritual characteristics. These are assessed based on the patient's: (1) subjective reports; (2) interview records; and (3) behavioral
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious psychiatric illness. People that are diagnosed with this disorder suffer from an intense pattern of affective instability, extreme difficulties in interpersonal relationships, problems with behavioral or impulse control, and disrupted cognitive processes. The estimated prevalence of BPD in the general adult population is about 2%, mostly affecting young women.
The diagnosis for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is based on symptoms which have been present since the onset of adolescence or early adulthood and appear in more than one contexts. There are not any laboratory or imaging exams that can assist with the diagnosis. A variety of structured and semi-structured interviews can help in making the diagnosis, although they frequently require specialized training to administer. The Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines – Reviser is a proven and regularly used device that is commonly considered the standard. This interview can take up to take 30–60 minutes to complete. During the interview, there are different symptomatic domains that must be examined – emotional functioning, relational functioning,
Borderline Personality Disorder is a mental disorder defined by characterized as patients who suffersuffering from a history of broken relationships, a difficulty controlling anger, inappropriate emotional outbursts, and emotional instability. People who suffer from this disorder often do not show signs in social settings, but rather in solitude orsolitude once they are to themselves, or with trusted friends or family., they begin to show all the signs and symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder. This shift from displaying symptoms when alone to showing no symptoms in a social setting can make Borderline Personality Disorder especially hard to
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders(DSM-5,2013), "Borderline Personality Disorder (301.83) is a pervasive pattern of volatility of interpersonal relations, self image, and affect, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of context" (p. 663). Concurrent disorders associated with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are depressive and bipolar disorders and substance use disorders, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. BPD also commonly co-occurs with other personality disorders. These disorders have a high co-morbidity. The incidence of BPD
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition, Borderline personality disorder is described as having a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts. In order to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, the individual must demonstrate five or more of the nine behaviors experienced within the disorder. The nine criterion behaviors within the disorder include: (1) frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, (2) a pattern of unstable and intense relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation, (3) identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self, (4) impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self damaging such as sexuality, spending, substance abuse, binge eating or reckless driving, (5) recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, threats, or self mutilating behavior, (6) affective
However, once basic symptoms are recognized, it is apparent that borderline disorder is present. To be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, one must exhibit symptoms from one or more of the four behavioral dimensions: poorly regulated emotions, impulsivity, impaired perception and reasoning, and markedly disturbed relationships. These symptoms must be inflexible and maladaptive, meaning they do not change. (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, 650-651)
Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) include a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and is marked impulsivity. BPD begins in early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts. Alice Klieg displays 6 of
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has only been viewed as a condition of its own in the last 20 years but there has been documentation of people with the characteristics of this disorder as far back as 3000 years ago. The American Psychological Association added BPD as a mental health disorder in the past 20 years, yet, it's often misunderstood by the public and often misdiagnosed for other mental conditions or overlooked entirely by the professionals. This condition consists of dysfunction behaviors such as splitting, parasuicide, impulsivity, disillusions, and low self esteem, however, there is no specific test to diagnosis this disorder but high risk factors include family history or genetics, experiencing childhood trauma, and other
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious and complex mental disorder involving maladaptive behaviors and multiple symptoms. This disorder often occurs in the context of relationships and can have a chaotic effect not only on the individual with BPD but also on their loved ones. According to the NIMH, “borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness characterized by unstable moods, behavior, and relationship”.9 A primary character of BPD is behavioral and emotional dysregulation. These behaviors are difficult
According to the DSM-5, Personality Disorders are characterized by “impairments in personality functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits”. Borderline Personality Disorder is one of ten personality disorders listed in the DSM-5. The DSM-5 lists several criteria that must be met in order for someone to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. They are quoted as follows:
Borderline Personality Disorder is known to be the most common personality disorder among Adolescence. Borderline Personality Disorder is a severe mental illness marked by unstable moods, behavior and relationships. Adolescence is recognized as a time of development in which self-identity is acknowledged and they develop their own individual characteristics. At this age they tend to explore their surroundings to experiment, learn, and “see for themselves.” This topic is relevant to psychology because even though it’s still questionable as to whether BPD should be diagnosed among adolescence, it allows me to elaborate on the impacts of this specific topic. Environmental factors and genetics are known to be the cause of BPD. It is known that females are more likely to be diagnosed with BPD. Evidence continues to support that BPD constitutes a valid and reliable disorder in adolescence.