Examples Of Differential Reinforcement

Like many children his age, my nephew hates eating his vegetables and he cries whenever he has to eat them. Because of this, his mom takes the veggies away so that he doesn't have to eat them anymore. Due to this, he begins crying whenever vegetables are placed in front of him because he knows that it will make his mom take them away. This example is negative reinforcement because the behavior being altered the vegetables are being subtracted as he starts crying. This leads to him crying each time, so that the vegetables are taken away, being a successful type of operant conditioning.

Reinforcement is an essential part in identifying and encouraging a certain behavior. In the most classic definition, positive reinforcement is a method of identifying to children which behaviors are acceptable and appropriate and which are not (Sigler, E. & Aamidor, S, 2005). Reinforcement is often given as praise for doing a certain task. As educators, saying “great job” or a simple word like “fantastic” are expressed towards students as praise. However, when a student is struggling and praise is given such as “you are doing so well”, the negative aspects of praise present themselves. The child is aware of the empty praise therefore it may work against the teacher if it is taken as a false

One of the most common and well executed behavioral learning theories in the classroom is ABA - Applied Behavioral Analysis. In ABA undesirable behaviors are extinguished by removing reinforcement when that behavior is exhibited, thereby allowing the learner to modify their behavior (Ormrod, 2016, p. 85). Targeted behaviors are reinforced, and antecedent strategies, as well as consequences are devised based up on the learner. Treatment plans are developed and modified as the student learns and modifies their behavior (Ormrod, 2016, pp. 91-94). Token reinforcement, or token economy, is often used to encourage students to work towards modifying their behavior and acquiring new skills (Ormrod, 2016, p. 97). A classroom of students can be reinforced

Negative reinforcers- Likely to make people repeat behaviour as well but the behaviour is being repeated to stop something from happening i.e. children who are going down the slide too quickly will learn to use their hands to stop themselves as they are unhappy about the speed.

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors is the having Mark do the opposite behavior instead. Mark can raise his hand instead of yelling out answers. He can stay on task instead of clowning around.

According to Domjan (2014), successful shaping of behavior is comprised of three components: 1) defining the final target behavior to be performed; 2) assessing the starting level of performance in order to determine how far it is between the initial and target behaviors; and 3) dividing the progression toward the final target behavior into a series of gradual steps (e.g., successive approximations) that form a training plan (Domjan, 2014, p. 129). In addition, there are two complementary tactics that must be used during the execution of the training plan: 1) reinforcement of successive approximations to the final behavior; and 2) withholding reinforcement for earlier response forms (p. 129).

Clear and concise information pertaining to the behaviors as established in previous ECSP coursework; What is the function of the behavior?

does not happen often enough to sink in that this is the correct response. The technique was

There are several theories about how to make behavioral changes- either starting something new or eliminating something old. Learning is the process of aquiring new information and behaviors through experiences. There are many things in our lives that can affect our learning environment. One type of learning process requires operant conditioning that uses reinforcement or punishment to shape desired behavior. If the targeted behavior occurs, a reward is introduced (=positive reinforcement) or something undesirable is taken away (=negative reinforcement). If the targeted behavior does not occur, a consequence can be introduced in the form of a “positive punishment” (= a negative stimulus) or “negative punishment” (= the removal of something

Briefly, behavior modification emphasizes the role of rewards or reinforces that are associated with particular acts. If a parent wishes to teach a child a new skill or help acquire a new type of behavior, then a reward given immediately following the child’s action or behavior would reinforce that behavior.

The intervention that I have decided to implement for Matt is a differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior paired with a visual schedule, timer and sensory tools. I arrived at this intervention because applying differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior, “reinforces a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the problem behavior and withholds reinforcement following the instances of the problem behavior”, this helps to ensure that the alternative behavior increases and the problem behavior decreases (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, p. 471). The visual schedule will consisted of a laminated first, then schedule with Velcro pictures. I have prepared visuals for various activities that take place throughout the school day. In addition to the schedule a timer will also be implemented to help Matt keep track of the amount of time he is on task for. The timer has a clock face and a red space which represents the amount of minutes remaining.

As I read over Chapter 5 on reinforcers, I thought about my sister who just became a second grade teacher. This is her first-year teaching and her experience so far has been to learn as she goes. Every week she calls me with a new story of how she had to handle her class. Some are good, some are bad, but the stories are hilarious.

Classroom reward systems provide teachers and students with guidelines to follow when dealing with behaviour. Every school has some form of behaviour management in place to deal with both good and bad behaviours and children with special needs who often need structure, planning and daily goals. Integrating technology into classroom reward systems, rewarding good behaviour, hard work or improvement, can have a positive impact on students, as Merrett, A., and Merrett, L. (2013) described, due to the materials being more stimulating and more interactive than other methods commonly used. Also digital rewards systems are easier for educators to edit and tailor to students or classrooms, individual needs, abilities and/or year group.

For this situation I would use removal punishment strategy by removing a desirable punishment something that she does not want to lose for instance loss of privilege (Ormrod, 2014). Have a conversation about the consequences for being late and it will end in a loss of privilege if this further continues. I will also give her suggestions like sleeping a little early so she can wake up a little earlier to fix her hair. I will keep student motivated by acknowledging that she did a fantastic job in coming in to class on time this week and to keep up the good work. I will use intermittent reinforcement because I will encourage all students for not being tardy and present to class by giving them extra points on an assignment of choice. Giving

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