Different Ideologies in Marx and Engels' Communist Manifesto

During the nineteenth century, Karl Marx and Andrew Carnegie had definite opinions about the affects of industrialization on society. A greater understanding of their views on history and humanity can be gained by comparing and contrasting two written artifacts: The Communist Manifesto and “Wealth.”

"A spectre is haunting Europe the spectre of Communism" (Marx and Engles). So begins the title of one of the most famous books in modern history if not as a literary giant, as an idea that changed the social and political make up of the entire world. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles wrote The Communist Manifesto in response to their views of the social and working conditions of Europe after the Industrial Revolution changed the view of labor and commodities. For Marx, history was defined as nothing more than a continuous class struggle. In Ancient times, slavery changed into feudalism, then capitalism replaced feudal society, especially after the Industrial Revolution. Eventually, this class struggle would allow the workers of the world to revolt and overthrow the owners of production anf form a society with no class called communism.

The book was then published by a group of Germans known as the Communist League. The book reflects the goals of Communism. It identifies class relationships that are defined by an era’s means of production(Digital, 07 Mar.). The Communist Manifesto argues that this type of development is inevitable, and that capitalism is unstable. They continue to argue that if they eliminate the social class that it isn’t going to change the government, but a revolution will. Marx believed that he discovered the key to history. He believed that Capitalism would be overthrown by communism and oppressed workers would finally be free. But also that capitalism would help start a revolution to ensure a true communist society would be born(Boundless, 05 Mar.). The manifesto is one of the most thoroughly studied texts in the history of political thought and it has a very big literary value for us today. Marx has given us a insight on why and what makes our history meaningful.

“to a mere money relation,” (Marx and Engels [1848] 2013:35]. Marx, saw the tear down of the old as the only way for the bourgeoisie to survive. Periodically, a crisis occurred where productive forces threatened their conditions and bourgeoisie would have to bring in new productive forces and destroy the old. Marx believed that these changes to technology and productive capacity were the main influence on how society and the economy were organized. The bourgeoisie had to push for the modern world to quickly and continually develop to protect capitalists’ monopolies. However, constant development caused continual disturbances of social conditions by breaking down stable aspects of human life. Capitalist used their power to push the world to advance so that they could prosper with no concerns to the possible effects on the economy, which would have been most detrimental to the proletariat. For Marx, this showed that capitalists’ self-interest pushed economic progress, which led to societal progress but also risked crisis. Capitalism not only affected society through the creation and separation of social classes but also in influencing societal progress and social relations.

The Communist Manifesto starts with the famous quote, “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles” (Marx and Engels, p. 14). This quote indicates the class struggle evolved from capitalism where mankind focused their efforts on improving society by desiring more physical means to provide monetary value. Since Marx was philosophical materialist, he held the belief that everything is matter, solid and physical. According to this belief, the human mind is simply neurons firing and everything the body and mind is capable of can be explained biologically. Following this principle, the only things of importance are materialistic objects, therefore objects are of the most value. Ergo, Marx’s prominent claim

All changes in social structure are the results of the antagonism of the oppressed and the oppressor. In order to oppress the class, requires a minimum standard of living, but the bourgeois decreased the standards of the proletarians along with industrial development. The bourgeois are actually digging their own graves and the proletarians will win inevitably.

     The Communist Manifesto was written by two world renowned philosophers, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. This book was produced in an era of great suffering and anguish of all workers in a socially distressed system. In a time when revolutions were spreading through Europe like wildfire, Marx organized his thoughts and views to produce the critical pamphlet “The Communist Manifesto”. Marx’s scrutiny illustrates his belief that unless change is to occur the constant outcome will repeatedly remain uniform. This is a novel that displays the differentiation between the Bourgeois and the Proletariat. Class relationships are defined by an era's means of production. Marx’s

Written by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848, the Communist Manifesto is one of the most intriguing and controversial works in history. A political pamphlet written after an explosion of revolutionary struggles, it provided a new thought on economic and social ideas.

The Communist Manifesto, originally drafted as, “Manifesto of the Communist Party”, is a pamphlet written by Karl Marx, that in essence reflects an attempt to explain the goals and objectives of Communism, while also explaining the concrete theories about the nature of society in relation to the political ideology. The Communist Manifesto breaks down the relationship of socio-economic classes and specifically identifies the friction between those classes. Karl Marx essentially presents a well analyzed understanding of class struggles and the issues concerning capitalism, the means and modes of production and how those means affect the classes as a whole.

Instead, the business owners made choices for them and used the workers for their own rewards. The bourgeoisie were the owners "the formation of the bourgeoisie public sphere was ideological to the extent that it secured the domination of one class over another."3 The problem with the bourgeoisie class was that they saw no wrong in their system because they reasoned it to be the right way. The owners controlled the means of production, but it was the people under them that actually knew what they were doing. The oppressed people were controlled by the oppressors and could not make decisions about the work they did, political matters, or equality in the workplace but held the responsibility of making the businesses successful. There was huge clashing between the workers and the owners because the owners made the choices while the workers were forced to take responsibility for them.

As the bourgeois advanced financially, they also gained political influence. They progressed from a once oppressed class to an independent urban republic. As their political influence increased, certain changes became clear. The bourgeois had “torn away from the family its sentimental veil, and has reduced the family relation to a mere money relation (Marx).” This force eventually grew to the point that it was able to force other nations to conform to its values and methods or suffer extinction. As the bourgeois became richer, the proletarians began to suffer more. The balance of property began to shift even more rapidly than before leaving property “concentrated…in a few hands (Marx).” Eventually, the super-efficient production of the manufacturing economy began to take its toll on the bourgeois as well as the proletarians. More goods were produced due to the cheaper costs and ease of manufacture leading to an over-production of goods (Marxism). Over-production became a serious problem, resulting with widespread unemployment of the proletarians, and threats of a revolution on the horizons.

The bourgeoisie used politics, new technological developments, and religion to manipulate the economics and to insure their control sustaining their status. In doing this they kept the proletariats salves to the rich helpless against their control. Capital is a social product and only exists in the social systems. It is not personal but a social power and the lower class becomes dependant on the elite for his survival.

Without economic equality in the society, freedom and political equality could not be achieved. The manifesto was to advocate for the redistribution of resources as the most effective way of promoting democracy far beyond the earlier democracy which is practiced in a capitalist society. Through the establishment of communist society, resources and social amenities such as education, health and housing could be provided on an equal basis . During the period of industrial revolution disparity level and social life was becoming hard for the working class. Thus, communist was considered as the solution to the social conflict that was prevalent in the society and the antagonist resolution between men and nature, necessity and freedom. They were right to advocate for the communist society to promote the welfare of the working population in the society. It was the best remedy of preventing the exploitation of the working class and ensuring that democracy prevail for all people regardless of their position and status in the society.

In 1848 Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto which was a formal statement of the communist party. “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles […] we find almost everywhere a complicated

Parents today are in a time where there is more research about how to raise their child than ever before. There is a staggering amount of information throughout the library’s and internet that will point out the simple pros and cons of Corporal punishment. Many children psychologists state that violence will always produce violence, it will never reduce aggression. This is a generally accepted fact that has been proven and studied for decades. Will someone such as a child, not act out against an aggressor because of the natural drive to preserve their inherited material? There are usually four things that children who have experienced child abuse will do in later years. One they themselves will become the abuser they will act out the situations that they themselves were put in. Two they will cower down to interaction and will raise children that take advantage of them or three they will never full grow up and will be mentally handicapped by the entire situation that the scars are irreversible. Or four they will grow up perfectly normal and learn for the mistakes of their abuser. Fear from an abuser may actually may not be an emotion caused by an aggressor, depending on the social situation, but it is one of the most fundamental facts of social psychology that aggression towards a subject will produce increased aggression in the affected subject, in terms of the population of course. Many parents face a dilemma when it comes to the punishing of their children. The debate