n of different data models and schemas
a) Critically compare the following database types (schemas)
Hierarchical Database
Kind of database model which is designed in a hierarchy completely access to data beginning at the highest of hierarchical then changes to down such as customer to order.
Also this system relation records together same a family tree that each record has just one owner.
The hierarchical typical structure has levels which shows one –to – many also relationship between a parent and children divisions. The main key this models which following by each parent can have many children as well each child has simply one parent.
This models most common if you compared with network and relational database because can be manage by huge amounts of data for difficult projects.
Advantages
• Speed very efficiency
• Data independence
• Database integrity which link between child and parent
• Data is simplicity
• Very easy to add and delete record
• Database pretend a different form environment
• Easy to create a large installed
Disadvantages
• Implement very complex
• Implementation limitations
• Lack of standards
• Program design complexity
• Difficult to manage insert, delete and update
• Practical access language
• Create record must user start at the root
• Data redundancy
• Create database before the programs must be define
Network Database
A kind of database organisation system that every record style can have many owner .As well as this model
A Hierarchical structure is a term used to organise a business into different categories of employees that contain multiple types of groups, which would be typically in a chain of commands that is usually in a pyramid that contains a large number of employees, so the lower part of the pyramid having the responsibility of a small role, meanwhile the upper part of the pyramid consists of roles that carry a big responsibility. However, there is one rank that is one
Hierarchical database have data in a tree like structure with a parent to child relationship (one-to-many). The parent could have many children but the children have only one parent. All the attributes of the data is in a list under one entity type.
Example 1 – Consider the following relational database for the Super Baseball League. It keeps track of teams in the league, coaches and players on the teams, work experience of the coaches, bats belonging to each team, and which players have played on which teams. Note the following facts about this environment:
Course Description This course covers database concepts. Topics include data analysis, the principal data models with emphasis on the relational model, entity-relationship diagrams, database design, normalization, and database administration. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This
The hierarchy. Putting in order a list of things. An example in a letter would be " We have three floors and a Three Tiered System. The Top floor is for Higher management.
Data objects can model relational data or advanced data types such as graphics, movies, and audio. Smalltalk, C++, Java, and others are objects used in object-oriented data. The object-relational is a combination of relational and object-oriented databases. Traditional and advanced data types can be used to construct database management systems. These systems can connect to a company’s website and update records as needed. Database Approach The main purpose of a database is data storage that can be stored and retrieved when needed. A popular common language called structured query language (SQL) is used to store and retrieve data in relational database. This language enables the systems to run a report or modify data or remove the data from the database. A database management system (DBMS) controls all aspects of a database, this is not limited to the creation, maintenance, and use of database. The DBMS ensures proper applications are able to access the database. An important purpose of a DBMS is to maintain the data definitions (data dictionary) for all the data elements in the database. It also enforces data integrity and security measures. Data Models Data models provide a contextual framework and graphical representation that aid in the definition of data elements. In a relational database, the data model lays the foundation for the database and identifies important entities,
It makes it faster and more efficient as the data only needs to be entered once. There will also be data validation rules that will help make sure the users can only enter data in the correct format. Also what helps make it faster is that there is only one database that can be linked to by many departments instead of having individual ones which would take up more storage space and wouldn’t be efficient as they have to be changed and updated individually. As in one database for the entire organisation once a piece of data has been changed it will then be updated throughout.
One of the greatest benefits of having a database is that data can be shared or secured among many users or applications. Because the data resides in one place, there is more control and accountability over how the data is managed (McCaldin, 2015).
The form inside a database is somewhere you can type in data. An advantage of using forms would be to input data, what you are able to give limitations which will ensure only accurate/relevant data is input into the form.
The hierarchical typical structure has levels which shows one –to – many also relationship between a parent and children divisions. The main key this models which following by each parent can have many children as well each child has simply one parent.
In a big project a company usually involves various types of data and information take as reference. All record must be well managed and stored for long time since those records might be needed at future. Hence a database server is recommended instead of saving record in paper form since paper has a limited lifespan for storage. The most common open source database is MySQL database provide database management to user which widely use in commercial website and also big project. The database management store and handle the data saved by user through application. The data in database play role as a record is normally confidential. SQL is a standard query
All the relationships are in the same level of hierarchy given that they are all (or will be) business partners.
This report is about different types of database and explaining the advantages and disadvantages of network databases and object databases.
The database should provide a high-level, efficient, application independent query facility. This needs not necessarily be a query language but could instead, be some type of graphical interface.
So far in this chapter we have been discussing database systems from the point of view of the architecture in Fig. 2.3. In this section we offer a slightly different perspective on the subject.