Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorder

Roger Evans is a 5-year-old enrolled in general education kindergarten classes. Roger has been identified as having ASD during a routine check-up at the age of three. Roger’s parents had been unemployed and receiving government aid. Roger’s parents have not been taking advantage of supportive resources. Mr. and Mrs. Evans have not informed the school that Roger has been identified as having ASD. During the first week, Roger’s teacher Ms. Moore observed Roger sporadically sitting by himself during lunch and recess rocking back and forth and hitting himself in the face. Ms. Moore also noticed that Roger was anti-social with his peers. Ms. Moore recorded her observations for two weeks. Roger’s behavior became a daily occurrence. Ms. Moore met with the principal, counselor, special education, and Roger’s parents to discuss her concerns. Roger’s parents admitted that Roger had been identified with ASD and has been fine at home.

The DSM-5 notes frequent co-occurrence of other neurodevelopmental disorders. However, if a child’s symptoms are better and more completely explained by ASD, intellectual developmental disorder, global developmental delay or another mental disorder, a diagnosis of SCD cannot be made. The notable absence of restricted and repetitive behaviors is the important in appropriately diagnosing a patient with SCD versus ASD.

2009: p. 1383). The first course involves most of the diagnoses occur in a gradual nature, and the parents concern are reported in the first two years around the ages 3 to 4. The early signs of ASD encompasses delay in pretend play and failing to show interests (Zwaignbaum, 2001: p.2037). The second course are characterised by the normal or near-normal development, leading to a loss of skills or regression within the first 2 to 3 years. Regression can occur in the form of multiple domains, including communication, cognitive, social, and self-help. However, the most common regression in ASD is the loss of language (Martinez-Pedraza and Carter, 2009: p. 645; Werner et al. 2005: p. 337). Subsequently, there has been much controversy over the differential outcomes based on these two developmental courses. Some studies have suggested that the regression is linked with the poorer outcomes and recorded no differences amongst those with the early gradual onset and those who have experienced a regression period (Mash and Barkley, 2003: p. 409). Although, there is conflicting evidence that surrounds the language outcomes within ASD, some studies have indicated that the language and cognitive abilities at the age of 2 and a half can help predict language proficiency and the production after age 5 (Weismer et al. 2015: p. 1327). Thus, highlighting the importance of early intervening to

DSM-5 is a new edition toward the diagnosis manual book that is use to help diagnosis patient with mental health disorder. This book help guides psychiatric healthcare providers to provide the best care for psychiatric patients. The big things about this new edition is that it provide a new section for diagnosis Autism. With this new edition, patient with ASD must show 2 domains to determine they are diagnosed with ASD; 1) persistent social communication and social interaction and 2) restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Also under the new DSM-5, clinicians should also rate the severity and what level of support they require (Autism Speaks).

The overall message and core argument this book offers is that the new version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM-5, will cause an enormous increase of people who are not mentally ill being diagnosed with a mental disorder and receiving unnecessary treatment for it. Allen Frances argues that assigning everyday problems to mental disorders causes massive disadvantages for individuals and society. Diagnosing a healthy person as mentally ill will lead to unnecessary, harmful medications, the constricting of horizons, misallocation of medical recourses, and wasting the budgets of families and the state. He states as well that we do not take responsibility for our own mental well-being. We do not trust our

His repertoire has increased by 2-3 word phrases, and he has started to show interest in others. He is now capable of recognizing familiar faces and maintaining eye contact during social interactions. By following the structure of Leo’s program and with the guidance of the Behavior Analyst, I have helped Leo accomplish his targeted goals. Therefore, similar to the Behavior Analyst on Leo’s case, I aim to provide children with ASD with the necessary skills to prosper and grow as individuals. I want to help these children close the gap of limitations by understanding the importance of using functional communication, engaging in appropriate behavior, and comprehending social norms. Hence, my experience working with the Behavior Analyst has helped solidify my passion for pursuing this profession.

The DSM 5 defines autism spectrum disorder as a persistent deficit in social communication and interaction across various areas. The deficits occur in the areas of social and emotional functioning, non-verbal communicative behaviors, and fostering relationships. The DSM 5 also includes repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities as factors to consider when seeking to understand if a child has autism. The child can become fixated on specific objects, strongly adhere to schedules or ritualized patterns. When patterns are broken, the child has a difficult time transitioning to a new schedule or pattern of existence. Additionally, the child may be hyper or hyperactivity to various sensory aspects of the environment. As denoted

Specific data in regards to the individual’s social development and behaviour is collected. Inquiries about core ASD symptoms including, unusual, or repetitive behaviours and social relatedness are done, the family’s input is important.

Autism is the main form of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism is a developmental disorder that is manifested in problems with communication, impairment of social functioning, and repetitive behaviours. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), ASD diagnoses must meet four different areas of criteria. There are three symptoms of "deficits in social communication and interaction across contexts," four symptoms of "restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities," "symptoms must be present in early childhood," and the symptoms must "together limit and impair everyday functioning" (Carpenter, 2013). There are many theoretical positions on the causes of autism spectrum disorders. Some of which have been discounted by empirical studies that have been researched and performed.

People with ASD, more than other DD populations, exhibit an increased risk for developing or engaging in SIB (Minshawi et al., 2014). This may result from the vast array of challenges children with ASD face depending on severity of symptoms, early intervention, and personal and environmental risk factors. Predictors of SIB include: the diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID) and degree of intellectual impairment, impairment of adaptive function skills (communication deficits, social skill deficits, motor impairments, lack of self-care skills), sleep

Self-injurious behavior is one of the most devastating behaviors exhibited by people with developmental disabilities and ASD. The most common forms of these behaviors include: head-banging, hand-biting, and excessive self-rubbing and scratching. There are many other self-injurious behavior such as, impulsive SIB appeared to be associated with suicide attempts, a history of sexual abuse, and depression (Favaro, A., & Santonastaso, P.1999)

The third video displayed a boy in his pre-teen years. I observed the following behaviors: first the boy made a high-pitched noise with his mouth, which continued throughout the whole video which relates to the B1 DSM-5 criteria. Furthermore, I observed that he moved his hands touching almost in a clap, then tapping on his cheek near his mouth, rubbing his temples, going back to hand clapping meeting the criteria B4. Additionally, he did not respond to the parent or look in the direction of the parent’s voice; and he did not turn to look when the dog walked by him. These behaviors relate to the DSM-5 criteria A2.

Asperger’s disorder (AD) is a disruption in the formation of the child’s physical and or psychological development and recognizing these, the disorder was separated from Autism in 1944, to provide a basis for each child to get the proper care. All children with Asperger Disorder will show some traits in these three categories; impaired social skills, trouble communicating with others and a pattern of behavior, interest, and activities’ will be limited and recurring; they become obsessed with a single theme. Usually the child will have the normal communication skills in the beginning years. They will be using single words by age one. They just will not be using them in the normal way. When doctors are testing for this disorder, they are looking for specific behaviors or skills that are either present or absent. If the right services are available, Asperser’s children will show significant improvement in language

The first step taken to preserve the future of professional counseling, identity, and education program requirements, the structure and tools used in assessing needed health care were reviewed: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) and the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) (Smith, 2012). According to the National Center for Health Statistics (2006), the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is a medical classification system that uses codes to differentiate disease and symptoms. Published by the World Health Organization [WHO] (2011), the ICD is used globally for diagnosing,

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has a number of features. First of all, every disorder is identified using a name and a numerical code. In addition, the manual provides the criteria for diagnosing each disorder as well as establishes subtypes of a disorder and examples that would illustrate the disorder. The manual goes further by addressing the typical age of onset, culturally related information, gender-related information, prevalence of a disorder, typical clinical course of a disorder, typical predisposing factors of a disorder and genetic family patterns of a disease (Summers, 2009). The DSM-IV is a tool that is used by mental health practitioners and social service workers. As has been demonstrated