INTRODUCTION Roughly 25% of diabetic patients experience Diabetic foot ulcer infection during their lifetime due to poor blood glucose control. Diabetes mellitus is a major non-communicable diseases and public health problem [1]. According to the International diabetes federation, approximately 69.2 million people affected nationwide and worldwide 415 million people having diabetes [2]. The risk factors of foot ulcer are 10 times more predominant in diabetic patients as compared to without having diabetes [3]. Foot ulcer infection in patients with one or more of this risk factor which help to the development of wounds that can be poor to heal and predispose to other infection. Diabetes is the complex disease in which various factors such as …show more content…
Most common among them are extracellular polymeric, biofilms production by bacteria that may lead to multidrug resistance in pathogens. The Biofilms formation in foot ulcer leads to ineffective penetration of antibiotics due to render of leukocytes into the ulcers by developing antiphagocytic properties inside the biofilm matrix. The matrices formed by bacteria in the biofilms can facilitate altered gene expression, intercellular communication and horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, peripheral arterial diseases are often present in patients with foot ulcers infection and may lead to poor penetration of antibiotics into the lower limb tissues, thereby promoting selection of resistant bacteria strains. More than 90% strains in Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to all beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides antibiotics [11]. Alternatively, treatment to heal foot ulcer antibiotic were colistin, polymyxin B, tigecycline [12]. Therefore, the present investigation was done in order to study the prevalence, and antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii strains in Diabetic and non-diabetic foot ulcer
The goal to treat an ulcer in a diabetic patient is to heal the wound faster to prevent infection, pressure has to be take off the area by “offloading” the foot, remove dead tissue by the process of debridement, apply to dress per doctors order, and focus on managing the patient’s blood sugar effectively to promote healing. In addition, to prevent infection, the patient must keep the dressing clean, cleanse the wound daily and change the bandage and dressing, the patient must also avoid walking on barefoot.
venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers. Canadian Association of Wound Care (CAWC) has published
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a key opportunistic pathogen characterized by high-level antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation (1).Biofilm is a structured community of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymeric matrix adherent to an inert or living surface. Biofilmproducing organisms are more antimicrobial resistant than organisms without biofilm. In some extreme cases, the concentrations of antimicrobials required to kill biofilm positive organisms can be three- to four-fold higher than for biofilm negative bacteria, depending on the species and drug combination (2). Biofilms have great importance for public health as they are the main cause of nosocomial infections, especially implant-based and chronic infections (3). Antibiotic resistance in biofilms is due to a combination of many factors that act together to result in a level of resistance that is much higher than that of planktonic bacteria (4,5).
Today, despite precise surgical techniques to cut out dying tissue, artificial skin and other high-tech treatments, hard-to-heal wounds remain a huge problem. Diabetic foot ulcers alone strike about 600,000 people annually and lead to thousands of
The stages of acute cutaneous wound healing and why some processes may be altered in diabetic patients
Provide all necessary equipments and functions in compliance with BC’s regulatory licensing agency and in accordance with the policies and guidelines of CSC. This must include Biological indicator strip testing as required.
If you have diabetes, you should see a podiatrist any time you have a sore or cut on your foot. A complication of diabetes is poor circulation which causes injuries to be slow to heal. Diabetes also causes nerve damage, which means you might not even feel an injury that would normally be painful. If you're not diabetic and you have an injury that doesn't heal at a normal pace,
The wound site of patients with chronic foot ulcers were rinsed with normal saline, natural honey was applied to the wound and covered with glycerin- impregnated gauze. Patients were followed on a daily basis for four weeks.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetes and can result in foot ulceration, ampuation and an impaired quality of life(Carrington AL, et al 2002,Boulton AJ,et al 2004). The reported prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy ranges from 16% to as high as 66%2 and its prevelance is believed to increase with the duration of diabetes and poor glucose control.(Boulton AJ.et al 2000) It’s accounts for 50–75% of non-traumatic amputations in diabetic patients.(Holzer SE, et al 1998, Boulton AJM, 1998,Malay DS, et al 2006)
Mrs Smith was newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and she had recently undergone mid foot amputation as a treatment for gangrene caused by burn. Management of diabetes has pivotal role on her wound healing since unmanaged diabetes delays the wound healing process (Harker, 2006). Management of diabetes involve regular blood glucose
Foot ulceration is common, affecting up to 25% of patients with diabetes during their lifetime. Over 85% of lower limb amputations are preceded by foot ulcers and Diabetes remains a major cause of non-traumatic amputation across the world with rates being as much as 15 times higher than in the non-diabetic population. Prevention is the first step towards solving diabetic foot problems. Although it was estimated that an ankle is lost to diabetes somewhere in the world every 30 seconds, a more important fact is that up to 85% of all amputations in diabetes should be preventable. Strategies aimed at preventing foot ulcers are cost-effective and can even be cost-saving if increase education and effort are focused on those patients with recognized
Ninety percent of patients have Type II Diabetes. Diabetes is a global health issue and developing nations are creating innovations in diabetic care to meet their local needs. As noted earlier, a diabetic foot can show the first sign of infection, ulceration, and
The second research article covered a screening tool for Diabetics. This tool would be a great way for nurses to do a quick 60-second screening to detect the high-risk diabetic foot and help prevent complications in the future (Oxman, M. 2011). The tool is a paper that the patient and nurse to work through with yes or no questions ranging from the history of any ulcers, to the nurse seeing any deformities (Oxman, M. 2011). I think that this would be a great assessment tool for all diabetic patients to start doing even before they start to have symptoms. This way if symptoms do
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group, Tamborlane WV, Beck RW, Bode BW, Buckingham B, Chase HP, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Oct 2;359(14):1464-76. Epub 2008 Sep 8.
People with diabetes also have a higher risk of developing foot ulcers that can take weeks or months to heal. Food choices and nutritional status influence wound healing since serious wounds increase the energy, vitamin, mineral and protein requirements necessary to promote healing. Most things can help your blood clot and you serious sores or cuts heal, When you have like a smell or oder example: a skunk you wash you body in tomato sauce to get the smell to fade away . When you want your teeth to grow strong or eyes to be clear you can eat certain thing to help them get stronger that's exactly how you can clear your skin from sores bumps and ect.