Diabetes And Obesity A World Wide Epidemic Essay

Diabetes has become a widespread epidemic, primarily because of the increasing prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is an endocrine disease in which the body has either a shortage of insulin or a decrease ability to use insulin or both. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose to enter the cells and be converted into energy. Diabetes can be characterized as a prevailing, incapacitating, and deadly disease. There are a number of risk factors that increase a person’s tendency toward developing type II diabetes. Modifiable risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity and poor dietary habits are just a few. The

According to the American Diabetes Association (2016), more Americans die each year from diabetes than from AIDS and breast cancer combined. As a result, researchers have extensively studied the causes, treatments, and interventions for diabetes. Despite efforts to ameliorate its effects, diabetes remains a prevalent danger in society. In 2014, 7% of U.S. adults were living with diagnosed diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). In Louisiana that number was even higher - 10.4% of adults have been diagnosed with diabetes. Breaking it down by age group, however, in Louisiana 3% of people aged 18 and 44 have been diagnosed, and 15.2% of people 45-64. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015a). Several studies have predicted future rates of diabetes, both in the United States and worldwide - nearly all of these studies reached a similar conclusion: rates of diabetes will continue to rise (Boyle et al., 2001).

The public health impact of diabetes mellitus is enormous. In the United States, nearly 25.8 million persons (8.3% of the population) have diabetes mellitus, although it is estimated that only 72% are aware of their diagnosis. (Miller,2016) In this world today more of the Doctors and people that are going learning about this disease, and is more aware of how to diagnose and treat the condition. Center for Disease Control and Prevention states, "A lot more than one-third (34.9% or 78.6 million) of U.S. grownups are obese (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2016)". When looking at these different figures it is revelation in our eyes. Making people around the world search for a solution to distressing epidemic. Many obese people are not aware of how much the hazardous life is to have a long life. Mentioned even further in this particular report, obesity results in numerous devastating health conditions and problems like type 2 diabetes.

Having diabetes means thinking differently about food and nutrition. This can seem challenging sometimes, but it becomes a bit more manageable once you learn the facts. There are several forms of diabetes. Diabetes can occur at any age. Insulin is a hormone produced by special cells, called beta cells, in the pancreas, an organ located in the area behind your stomach. Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells, where it is stored and later used for energy. In pt. with diabetes, these cells produce little or no insulin. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. The body is unable to use this glucose for energy. This leads to an increase in Blood

“A major concern at this time is the rapid climb in incidence of Type 2 diabetes, with prevalence now estimated at about 9% (18 million) of the population greater than 20 years of age.” Obesity and Type 2 diabetes are commonly associated (Gould & Dyer, 2011). In addition to the two types of diabetes, there are signs and symptoms that are easily detected and some that develop after diagnosis.

Diabetes is a disease that causes an abnormally high level of sugar, or glucose, to build up in the blood. Glucose comes from food we consume and also from our liver and muscles. Blood delivers glucose to all the

tually zero.’ That’s a reasonable estimate of the probability that public health authorities in the foreseeable future will successfully curb the worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes, at least according to Margaret Chan, the director general of the World Health Organization (WHO) – a person who should know. Virtually zero is the likelihood, Chan said at the National Academy of Medicine’s annual meeting in October, that she and her many colleagues worldwide will successfully prevent ‘a bad situation’ from ‘getting much worse’. That Chan also described these epidemics as a ‘slow-motion disaster’ suggests the critical nature of the problem: ‘population-wide’ explosions in the prevalence of obesity along with increases in the occurrence of diabetes that frankly strain the imagination: a disease that leads to blindness, kidney failure, amputation, heart disease and premature death, and that was virtually non-existent in hospital inpatient records from the mid-19th century, now afflicts one in 11 Americans; in some populations, as many as one in two adults are diabetic.

There are more than 1.5 billion people that are overweight worldwide (2). There are more than 280 million people around the world that have been diagnosed with diabetes, resulting in at least 1 in 20 adults (2,8). Currently, diabetes is ranked as the seventh overall cause of death in the United States (9). In 2010, on 69,071 death certificates in the United States, diabetes was listed as the underlying cause, and in 234,051 death certificates, diabetes was mentioned as a cause of death (6). The Centers for Disease Control refers to “twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity, because obesity greatly increases the risk of diabetes, and the number of Americans who are obese has been increasing rapidly” (9). A newly developed term, “diabesity,” is commonly used to represent the close relationship between obesity and diabetes (8).

Diabetes is a rising epidemic that is largely due to the increasing rates of obesity, especially in young adults (Oram et al., 2016). Thus, it is becoming more difficult to discern between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in this population, which can lead to inappropriate treatment administration. Classification of diabetes subtypes is the first step in determining an individual’s course of treatment, thus accuracy is imperative. Many predictive and diagnostic tests exist for diabetes, including fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, hemoglobin A1C, islet autoantibodies, and insulin C-peptide testing (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [NIDDK], 2015). However, recent research (Oram et al., 2016) has proposed that genetic risk scoring may be effective in accurately classifying diabetes. Furthermore, proper identification would assist providers in predicting which young adults are likely to advance quickly to a state of insulin insufficiency. In this paper, we will review and discuss the research and clinical findings associated with genetic risk scoring and the improved discernment between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in young adults, as well as evaluate its implications for nursing practice.

Obesity in the United States has more than doubled over the past four decades. Prevalence of obesity cause many other disease such as diabetes and heart issues. Obesity can be described as a health condition of a person or people of a population that have excess body fat. Diabetes is a disease related to high level of blood sugar in the blood. Obesity and diabetes are among disease that have direct relationship with each other. As obesity increase in a population, diabetes increases too. Jennifer B.Marks, Professor of Medicine at the University of Miami Miller researches in “Obesity in America: it’s getting worse”, Roger Z. Joanne a public health provider in the Obesity Action Coalition group researches in “Obesity and type 2 Diabetes”, Eckel H. Robert, Professor of Medicine in Colorado University researches in “Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: What can be Unified and What needs to Be Individualized”, and Obesity Society group researches in “Your weight and diabetes”, mention that while obesity and diabetes have different definition in medical process, the reason why people become obese and diabetic as well as how to prevent them is same. Eating larger portion size than what the body needs , lack of physical activity, and putting foods without good quality in diet are the major reasons that people become obese.

The American Heritage Dictionary definition of diabetes is "a chronic disease of pancreatic origin, marked by insulin deficiency, excess sugar in the blood and urine, weakness, and emaciation." When you have diabetes, your body cannot use the food that you eat in the proper way. In a person without diabetes, when he or she eats, the food is broken down into blood glucose or blood sugar. After the food is in the form of glucose, the glucose is carried to all the cells of the body for energy. In order for the cells to receive the glucose, a hormone made in the islet or B-cells of the pancreas called insulin acts a receptor on the cell membrane to let the glucose enter inside the cells. In contrast, in people with diabetes, the body does not

Many argue that obesity causes diabetes, however I do not feel that is true and can be proven through research studies. This paper will explore the reasons behind both opinions but ultimately prove that obesity is a major factor that can lead to diabetes. Obesity merely increases the risk of developing diabetes; it is very different from causing the disease. The prevalence of diabetes and obesity matched that of the other. This leads people to ask questions: Does the growing number of obese people account for the growing number of diabetics? Does obesity cause diabetes? Recent studies have shed some light to these questions. The fat cells in obese individuals secrete enzymes that cause insulin resistance. When the body decreases its

As obesity has shown to reach epidemic proportions not only in developed regions but even in developing countries, this study has been conducted to understand the relationships between energy, activity levels and carbohydrate intake (WHO, 2000). Personal data collected reflected that in comparison, the subject’s EE was consistently greater that the EI over the two experimental days, therefore the output was greater than that of the consumed categorising the subject as active and as their body mass index (BMI) was calculated to be at 20g/m2 , the subject was categorised as healthy (Lyons et al., 2012). With the percentage energy intake from protein being 17%, fats 33% and carbohydrates 47%, the subject was within the range of the

The health status of the population of any area is depicted by how much of physical activity is incorporated in their daily lifestyle. Many of the chronic health conditions commonly encountered these days like obesity, hypertension and diabetes are found to have association with the growing trend of sedentary lifestyle even in the younger population. At least 30 minutes of physical activity is recommended by CDC to prevent the occurrence of chronic disorders [1]. As per CDC research has shown that lower rates of Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are seen with 120 to 150 minutes (2 to 2.5 hours) a week of at least moderate – intensity aerobic activity and the more is the physical activity (here will be referred as PA), the lower is the risk [14].

Diabetes refers to a set of several different diseases. It is a serious health problem throughout the world and fourth leading cause of death by disease in the country. All types of diabetes result in too much sugar, or glucos in the blood. To understand why this happens it would helpful if we understand how the body usually works. When we eat, our body breaks down the food into simpler forms such as glucose. The glucose goes into the bloodstream, where it then travels to all the cells in your body. The cells use the glucose for energy. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps move the glucose from bloodstream to the cells. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus further explains the concept on how this disease works. Pancreas