Desvenlafaxine Case Study

Cymbalta (Duloxetine) is a Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI) use to treat depression (Breggin, 2013). There are several therapeutic and biological alternatives being implemented to control hopelessness. Many researcher are recommending other types of treatments before psychotropic therapy is implemented (O 'Mathuna & Larimore, 2010). Some of the therapeutic alternatives are Reflexology, Craniosacral Therapy (CST), Acupuncture, Exercise, Meditation and Direct Amino Acid Therapy Maintenance (Keegan, 2001). St John’s Wort, Passionflower, Valerian and Omega 3 fatty acids are a few of the biological options available to combat depression (Keegan, 2001). The dietary supplements tryptophan and

Diamond in chapters 4, 7 and 9, looks at antipsychotic medications, medications useful for anxiety disorders and sleep problems and medication for people with borderline personality disorder respectively. Antipsychotic medications are profiled as second generation or first generation. Among the identified second generation antipsychotic medications are clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole and paliperidone. Clozapine is considered tpo be the most effective antipsychotic drug and has been proven effective as a mood stabilizer in treating “bipolar disorders that have not responded to mood stabilizers” (p. 72). Clozapine has side effects including those of weight gain, metabolic syndrome and increased risk

Doctors also prescribe Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors(SSRI) to individuals suffering from depression, but the same ailment can be treated with amino acid supplements. Some examples of SSRIs are Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft and Celexa. SSRIs increase the amount of serotonin in the synapse by blocking its reabsorption, helping the symptoms of depression improve. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, benzodiazepines lose their therapeutic anti-anxiety effect after 4 to 6 months of regular use. Dr. White, clinical psychologist and a certified neurotherapist, compares antidepressants to a foreign chemical. She is completely against the use of SSRIs because it blocks the reuptake of the serotonin into the neuron. In simple words,

While the codeine is what caused the CNS depression that threatened our patient, it should be noted that the ineffectiveness of his SSRI he spoke of in our review of systems may also be attributed to our patient’s possible status as an ultra-metabolizer. Fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and paroxetine are influenced by a few genes of the CYP450 enzymes but none more than CYP2D6. The ultra-metabolizer phenotype of CYP2D6 causes the patient to have sub-therapeutic concentrations of SSRIs causing decreased response.

The most common drugs that have been used in these studies were the Risperidone, Aripiprazole, olanzapine and Quetiapine.

Chronic intake, the delayed onset of action, drug resistance and numerous side effects force the researchers to look for the new, safe antidepressant strategies (1, 2) with rapid onset and longer time of action.

It was found that subjects on duloxetine showed significant improvements in I-QOL scores and significant decrease in IEF compared with the placebo subjects. It was also noted that 87% of patients on the placebo completed the study compared to the 69% of subjects on duloxetine. This difference can be attributed to a higher rate of duloxetine discontinuation due to side effects. Nausea was the most common side effect reported in 91% of participants, however, 81% reported resolution within 1 month. Serious adverse effects were rare and not significantly more common in the duloxetine

Ryann, Russell, and Raskin (2008) examined the effectiveness of Duloxetine “a selective serotonin (5-HT) and norephedrine (NE) reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) of both serotonin and norepinephrine systems” (p. 183). A total of 327 adults (61.7% women) with a mean age of 41.6 were randomly assigned to either receiving 60 – 120 mg duloxetine (168) or placebo (159). A 30 mg reduction was permitted in first two weeks for

Chapter four talks about David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus, both disagreed in a great deal of things, the only thing they agreed on was over-population. David Ricardo did not like landlords. For Ricardo, landlords were people who benefited from other people who actually worked. Ricardo said that land was like a monopoly and said that the population was increasing, which meant that more farming was needed to feed the people. As a result, the price of the grain increased which meant the income of the landlord increased as well.

Restated once again antidepressants aren’t safe on their own. Having a multitude of symptoms, and a

Within our organization we have a program in place that recruiters go and visit selected colleges to recruit for college students to work for our company. At the present time we have one employee that is responsible for on boarding roughly 350 campus hires. The interns our hired in May and the full time hires are hired in June. Every year our entire team pulls together to assist her with the on boarding process for the campus hires which is a very lengthy detailed process.

ii. Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) which you may have heard of as Pristiq, Cymbalta or Effexor, though they are a more recent addition to the antidepressants. Then we have,

The policy over genetic test has never been enforced in the health care in Canada, however, there should be a policy made for taking a genetic test to determine if you have an allergic reaction to the new drug. Amani Saini proclaims, “that the disease could have possibly been prevented if her sister has been tested to see if she was carrying the gene variant” (Yuliya, 2017, para.28). There were studied on how our genes affect our responses to drugs, as for example, the Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) in which your body feel under attack only in which “[it is caused by an] overreaction of the patient’s immune system to the drug” (Mackenzie,2015, para. 4) so, the only solution was to simply stop using the drugs knowns to cause SJS, but only a small portion would have a negative impact of the drug which it won’t be beneficial to take them off the market. Lastly, the solution was invented, by having a wallet-sized card which it’s a genetic ID card “[It] will tell physicians that the patient has a particular genetic composition and what drug they should avoid prescribing for that patient. It has the advantage the patient can carry the information in

CYP2D6 (GenBank Accession No. M33388.1) belongs to the CYP2D gene family. The CYP2D6 gene consists of 9 exons and 8 introns and is located on chromosome 22q13.2. The sequence of CYP2D6 is highly polymorphic. Up till now, over 135 allelic variants have been reported and CYP2D6*2 (2850C>T;4180G>C) in exon 2 and 6, *3 (2549delA)

The main reason and causes of overpopulation and how it affects us is the industrial revolutions and the two world wars( plus the other little ones in-between including the cold war and the Vietnam war) . This brought advances in other fields that made it a lot easier for people to do extraordinary things. During wars people want to outgun each other, so they spend massive amounts of money on development. These technologies will eventually filter down into everyday use. A Prime example of this is the computer, it all started when the British tried to decode a German message and they wanted something more powerful than what they had at the present time. So the engineers went to work and they developed the first computer. It was huge but then everything filtered down to what we have now, phones and pc’s to name a few.