Desegregation Of The United States

On Wednesday, Dr. Claire Smurker, an author and sociologist, came to speak about her experience in desegregation policies. She spoke mainly about her involvement in a recent case of the desegregation of a school system in Mississippi, and the process that occurred to have this happen. She spoke on the importance of researching a topic and gathering evidence in order for laws to be enforced and justice to be established in society. The desegregation process in this recent case began with doing a lot of research on Dr. Smurker’s part. She had to look at the conflict of mandated integration with the right of every parent to school-choice, which often in the past has led to white flight to private schools, away from integrated schools with black children. At the court case of the Mississippi school, Dr. Smurker was asked to give an export report and testimony in order to help bolster the case in support of integration. She gathered a ton of information through personal interviews and looked at numerous previous cases in order to create the strongest possible argument.

This paper is about the ways in which desegregation was used to address equality of education post Brown v. Board of education (1954). I will discuss the challenges of desegregation, what challenges minority students still face in America 's public schools post Brown v. Board, and how might we transform education so that all students receive equal opportunity according to Dewey and Paolo.

After the Civil War slaves got their freedom, blacks started their own churches and schools were able to purchase land, and by 1870 sent 22 representatives to congress that was a big difference for them going from slaves to having a vote and leading our government. Some of the Southerners were not happy with the decision for blacks to be free. White power started “Ku Klux Klan” they began burning down houses, schools, and churches that the African Americans lived in or went to, soon the south was run by white people again and the blacks were losing almost everything they had gained from the vote. Jim Crow Laws started as a derogatory word for African Americans the southern state legislatures started to pass laws requiring the separation of

First, it sparked off by having black kids enroll in a white school. They denied the offer to the kids. It them three years to get it to pass a de segregation for schools. Also when they it ruled it threatened the whole system of desegregation. Some schools changed quickly some didn't. Some southerners wanted to defend segregation. In the south they didn't change quickly.

After the Civil Rights act was signed then struck down other laws and plans were made to Desegregate the US. Laws were made like the “Freedom of Choice” law where african-americans and whites could choose to go to a different school, this plan worked but only to a degree. Since most of the cities and towns were segregated already and black and white schools

The white southerner's seeked to control those who were in slavery which led to coming up with special state codes. The public schools excluded the black children. The laws that were passed were same as those that were there during the colonial times, which placed severe restrictions on both slaves and emancipated blacks. Neither of these who were in slavery groups could vote, serve on juries, travel freely, nor work in occupations of their choice. Even their marriages were outside the law for example-le the slaves were going to be given mass land during Christmas but when they refused to sign the contract they were not given the land. This was one of the ways that was being used so as to ensure that there is

“Separate But Equal” has to do with the separation of whites and African Americans. The white people thought that the African Americans should be separated from them just because his/or her skin color was different. The African Americans thought that separating them from the white people was a violation of the rights of citizens. There was a court case that dealt with the separation of African Americans and whites. It was called Brown vs. Board of Education. Schools that were separate were not at all equal during this time. The whites had better school equipment and higher educated teachers to help educate his/or her students. The states then made it mandatory to accept students into public schools with no judgement towards his/or her religion or color. Since desegregation there have been numerous beneficial outcomes for African Americans.

A lot of white parents pulled their children out of integrated schools. Even though jobs had to be integrated, many store owners said that they just couldn’t find any qualified blacks instead of hiring them (http://www.crmvet.org). Some owners just hired as few blacks as they could so they would not get in trouble. Most labor unions would not allow African Americans to

Many people did not want to be desegregated. They felt that way because they truly believed that color people were ignorant, violent, and could not learn even if

Even in the 21st century the United States public school system is once again becoming segregated by race. Results of research show there are several factors involved in this trend, including housing discrimination and the United States Supreme Court granting the states sovereignty to govern their own policies on school desegregation; even going so far as to say the policies employed by states to desegregate based on race were unconstitutional. This topic addresses the issues causing resegregation and the ideas set forth to alleviate the problem and insure equal education for all children, regardless of race or socio-economic status.

We have come to understand public education in the United States as a core principle of one’s rights as a citizen in spite of it not explicitly guaranteed within the Constitution. Despite the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, we continue to witness the fight for complete and total integration within our public schools and thus, racial equality. The 14th Amendment forbid states from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, but was unclear in terms of it’s exact intention with respect to public education. As a result, were unable to see the effective use and enforcement of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments until approximately the 1940s for a number reasons, but I believe that structural racism is the foremost cause. Today, we find ourselves struggling to achieve full integration within our public school system due to the covert intentions behind structural racism and therefore, it’s ability to overpower the law. Structural racism has the ability to impact legal authority in such a way where we end up with a lack of appropriate enforcement legislation at the Supreme Court level and a lack of acknowledgement and remedies for de jure segregation and thus, it is the primary cause of the current segregation within the American public school system.

the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any

It also included school desegregation, to which by-laws were set-forth by the court system to stop schools from engaging in committing the act of races’ being separated into different groups due to color, creed, or origin.

There were several stories in this chapter that were linked directly to what we talked about in class. The first that I noticed was the story about physical attractiveness. The author used the words “halo effect” and it completely jogged my memory of that day in class that we watched “What Would You Do?” and the implicit personality theory. When it comes to liking, people usually do tend to like the person who is more attractive just because they do associate nicer qualities to those individuals compared to others. Later in the chapter, the author chose to write about desegregation in schools and how liking comes into play. This reminded me about the “-isms” discussion in class which was all about schemas. When stereotypes are introduced in

Another factor in the 1930’s that impacted African Americans is Jim Crow. The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a "separate but equal" status for African Americans. The Jim Crow laws affected African Americans by creating a status of 'separate but equal.' African Americans were not, under the Jim Crow laws, allowed to drink from the same water fountains as white people. They had to attend different schools, restaurants, and sit at the back of the bus. The Jim Crow laws affected almost every area of the life of African Americans. The Jim Crow laws took the first hit in 1954 in the ruling by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education. The Supreme Court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional.