Desalination Plants

Today, desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing freshwater from salt and brackish water alike (Planet Green 2011). This number continues to grow as researchers work to improve the process, both in terms of cost effectiveness and energy efficiency (DSE 2011). But countries such as Australia, Israel and even the United States are continually adding desalination plants of various sorts into their water-management portfolios. The facilities are common in North Africa and the Mideast, where freshwater is scarce (Chandler 2008).

The disadvantages of desalination is that in order for a desalination plant to be a viable alternative to the water supply dam, the users must be located fairly close to a coast or large source of oceanic water. The desalination technology can also have adverse environmental impacts of its own. The plants are very energy intensive and must dispose of a highly concentrated saline byproduct into the ocean, which can cause adverse affects to marine life in the surrounding and exceeding areas. Waste brine can also

This shows Carlsbad is failing to fulfill the promises that were made to San Diego, California. Secondly, the desalination plant harms marine life. Even though the plant can stop bigger fish, it can not keep out tiny microorganisms and fish eggs. These organisms keep other fish alive, and they make up the ocean.

Since the discovery that desalination could provide humans in California with clean potable water from the ocean could be very effective, it

Desalination is the removal of salt and impurities from groundwater or seawater to produce fresh drinking water. Desalination is a secure water source that doesn’t depend on rainfall and has become a significant water source that has been strengthened through its decrease in production costs and related technological improvements. The process of Desalination is another means of securing Western Australia’s future water supply. Western Australia has two main plants, Perth Seawater Desalination Plant and Southern Seawater Desalination Plant, both of these plants deliver water to the Integrated Water Supply Scheme which supplies water to over 2 million people in Perth, parts of the South West, parts of the Agricultural region and the Kalgoorlie-Boulder

In the peaceful island country of Tuvalu, there is no genocide, no civil unrest, but no fresh water source. Rainwater harvesting is the primary source of fresh water. Rainwater collected from roofs, to gutters, and stored in tanks; unfortunately, these tanks are poorly maintained, or damaged by tropical cyclones, resulting in a lack of water (Kingston, 2012). Three out of the nine islands that make up the country of Tuvalu have a natural water source; however, the three islands with a natural water source, have issues with their septic system, and it contaminates their aquifer, and its thin fresh water lens. The purpose of this paper is to provide the country of Tuvalu a plan to establish a permanent desalinization plant for the country to have a consistent source of safe, clean drinking water.

Desalinated water is critical to Perth’s water supply as Western Australia continues to experience a drying, arid climate. It is important that a reliance on traditional water sources such as dams are reviewed and new and sustainable sources that are climate independent are implemented. Factors of a drying climate, extreme weather conditions, population increase (Population in Perth to double in the next 50 years) and the way we currently source out water need to be evaluated in order to ensure a climate resilient supply that is independent of varied amounts of rainfall. Desalinated water is critical to Perth’s water supply due to the states large infrastructure and mining industry.

1. There are two main sources of fresh drinking water, ground water and surface water. Ground water originates from precipitations that usually fall in the form of snow or rain. While, the surface water is also originates from precipitate that reaches the land surface and is then recharged into rivers, wetlands and lakes. Although these systems are usually reliable, in desperate time of need, a more reliable source of water is needed. The desalination plant is extremely valuable and flexible because it does not depend on rainfall. Instead, the desalination plant is the only source that relies on seawater. Using seawater in the desalination plant helps meet the community’s water needs and secures the water needs in the future. While other sources of water, such as rainwater or water from dames are not reliable enough to strictly rely

Desalination is basically the procedure of separating excess sodium chloride, minerals and impurities from sea and ocean water to make it usable for irrigation and human consumption. It has been touted to rid the world of its current water problems for nearly 5 decades now, during this period huge strides have been made in the desalination technology. These advances have made it possible to venture into desalination as the long term option to the water problem in many parts of the world. It is seen as long term since the ocean is not going anywhere anytime soon as compared to lakes and rivers that have been going dry seasonally. The state of California is not new to the water shortage problem; as stated above tit has been a witness to previous droughts. It is therefore time to consider a long term solution to this problem.

With the water crisis being seen around the world, even right here in the United States, we need to explore other options to supply fresh water to the residents. One State, in particular, that raises concern is the state of California. An alternative method to supply water to residents could be the process of desalination. Desalination is when fresh water is made by using either seawater or brackish and eliminating the minerals and salts as a way to make the water safe for human and agriculture uses ( Kesieme et al., 2013). In recent years, we have seen an increase the in the number of desalination plants around the United States (fig 1). However, is the process of desalination the answer for the water crisis going on in California? As a

These risks provide that the desalination technology is not perfect now, and still has room to develop. The south of Australia is experiencing a long term drying trend, therefore the seawater desalination can be an integral part of base load supply in Olympic Dam Mine. However, desalination plants require a heavy investment and has impacts on environment, the Seawater desalination is becoming now one important tool to manage water supply in the dry places. Facing these challenges that ensure the coastal cities remain livable, the economies remain productive, and continuity mining process. For other Mines in Australia affected by drought, the seawater desalination is becoming a best way to solve the problem of water shortage.

As of late there has been a renewed interest in the use of forward osmosis as a potential method for seawater desalination. The reestablished interest for research into forward osmosis process originates from its capability to either reduce energy utilization or generate energy.

The mean values of selected analytical water quality parameters, among the four seasons from April 2015 to February 2016, revealed that generally most selected physico-chemical properties (Temp., pH, E.C., Ak., Turb., T. hard., D.O, B.O.D, NO3, NO2, NH3, Cl-) of water samples were within permissible limit (WHO 2004).

The seawater used in most plants contain high amounts of two chemicals, called boron and bromide, and the process can also remove minerals like calcium. Also when they finished processing the salt out of the water, they put the salt left over back into the ocean, which the salinity affects the oceans environments. So, there are disadvantages and advantages to during the process, and there are even worse consequences if they run out of water. Concerns with the large amount of desalination plants in the Middle East focus on the improper dependency they will cause, instead of encouraging alternate forms of water and energy and conserving freshwater. Though they are lacking water, they have one resource they won't run out of for a while.

The Thermal pollution is considered as one of the most major impacts of brine discharge which can occur by increasing the temperature of sea water. Several studies have been carried out to determine how the distribution and natural balance of marine fauna and flora species respond to an alteration in temperature [5]. Multi-stage flash (MSF) plants and other types of thermal distillation tend to have the greatest impact on intake water temperature, and can release brines 10 to15 C° warmer than sea or oceanic intake waters [6]. However , extent of thermal impacts and distribution is influenced by the location of the plant discharge. Temperature of intake seawater was between 15 and 24 ºC, while the temperature of disposal water recorded around 35 ºC, which is greater than the Mediterranean sea temperature .This difference in temperature is the main reason to make thermal pollution and therefore, has aside effects on marine life .