preview

Delayed Gratification Experiment

Decent Essays

Introduction
Gratification is defined as pleasure, particularly when gained from the satisfaction of a desire. (Oxford, 2017) Delayed gratification is the use of self-control to delay something that a person desires in the short-term to enjoy a (usually) greater reward in the long term. In 1972, Walter Mischel tested preschoolers with fascinating results.
Purpose of Study
The purpose of the study was to discover when the control of willpower or delayed gratification develops in children.

The inspiration came from Mischel’s own three daughters, who were three, four and five years old at the time.

Experiment
The experiment was carried out on 50 subjects of preschool age from the Bing Nursery School on Stanford campus.

Mischel and his …show more content…

In all conditions, while waiting, the immediate and delayed rewards were both physically available in plain view. The dependent variable was the length of time the children remained alone in the room before they rang the bell.

There were two methods of distraction used. The first was external; the subjects were allowed to play with a toy while they waited. In the second, internal, method subjects were instructed to think of pleasant and distracting thoughts while waiting. A control group was used to determine how long the wait would be without either distraction and a further two control groups to control for the effects of both separate distractions without the contingency of a delayed reward. In total, 5 groups.
Experiment
The results showed that the groups of children who were waiting for the contingent reward that had no distraction waited half a minute before calling the experimenter. The subjects who had an external distraction waited roughly 9 minutes and the children who had internal methods of distraction all waited roughly 12 minutes. The groups who had no contingent reward with external distraction waited roughly 2 ½ minutes and with cognitive distraction ¾ of a …show more content…

Experiment 3 was designed to test which was correct. Subjects were either not instructed what to think of before the wait or instructed to either think of “something fun” or “think food”. “No ideation” group waited 12.86 minutes while “think fun” lasted for 14.48 minutes respectively – also very close to the “think fun” groups from Exp 1& 2. However, the “think rewards” group without visual stimulus only lasted .78 of a minute, thus contradicting the belief that imagining reward items enhances voluntary delay gratification. (Mischel, W. et al. (1972)
The marshmallow experiments led Mischel and his colleagues to develop a framework to explain how humans can delay gratification. He proposed what he calls a “hot-and-cool” system to explain why willpower succeeds or fails. The cool system is cognitive (a thinking system) which uses knowledge about goals, feelings and actions. The hot system is impulsive and emotional. It is responsible for quick and reflexive responses to external and emotional triggers. When willpower fails, exposure to a “hot” stimulus essentially overrides the cool system, which then leads to impulsive actions. (Mischel, W. et al.

Get Access