Dbq Secularization

-Once the pope got authority over the whole Christian Church, there were problems with preachers in many eastern churches—which lead to a division of eastern and western churches.

None the less the Papacy was now divide. The saying "United we stand, while divided we fall." is very valid in this instance. The church is having many problems around this time period and many people are converting, or shale we say shifting, to other forms or Christianity. Whereas before these problems occurred the church was the central power in Western Europe and had great influence over the governments in their sphere of power. This event, the schism, caused a split in the Catholic Church and divided countries among the two popes. "Everyone realized that the schism resulting from the counter-election of Cardinal Robert of Geneva as Pope Clement VII . . . was a tragedy for the church . . ."

Due to the progressive decline in spiritual interests during the period of the Renaissance, Secularism infiltrated various aspects of culture, civilization, and perception. Secularism praised materialism and the enjoyment of life, rather than the medieval principle of toiling hard for a life after death. This thought of Secularism emerged partly because of the humanism plea to praise human beings, their achievements, their interests, and their capabilities. Specifically, economic growth in Italian cities detracted the time and space needed for developing spirituality. Instead, busy bankers and pre-occupied merchants calculated strategies to generate collect more money. Wealth

uring the first half of the 19th century the Second Great Awakening was taking place, calling for a social and religious reevaluation of many of the Americans' actions and their beliefs. In addition to arising conflicts in beliefs developed during this period, the election of 1828 was one of the major events that highlighted the divisions that were present in the American people, as it went far enough to cause the creation of two opposing political parties, something that had never happened before. The major political cause for thee sectionalism was the split in interpretation of the Constitution. The major social cause for sectionalism was splits between viewpoints on issues such as slavery and women's rights. Lastly, the major economic cause for the sectionalism in

For over a period of seven hundred plus years, from Gregory the Great’s papacy to Boniface VIII’s papacy, the world experienced many influential popes, whose accomplishments changed the course of history. Many of these popes become known for both their positive accomplishments, which brought prosperity to their people, and for their failures, which in many cases led to their own death. Throughout the given time period, Pope Nicholas II, Pope Gregory VII, Pope Innocent III, and Pope Gregory IX, were all influential popes whose accomplishments are what they are most remembered for. First, Pope Nicholas II decreed that the College of Cardinals would obtain authority to choose the pope. The College of Cardinals was made up of a group of Roman Church officials who were in charge of electing the pope, which was put in place to prevent kings from selecting popes.

The idea of two popes destroyed the idea of unified church, which is The Great Schism. The two Popes were constant rivals and while the people were split, the French people obviously followed the Pope from Avignon, while the Roman people followed to Pope in Rome. (http://www.thenagain.info) To try and end the schism a third Pope was chosen John XXII, shortly after in 1414, the Council of Constance received the resignation of Pope Gregory XII and dismissed the claims of the Avignon Pope, Benedict XII. Finally the election of Pope Martin V, ended the schism, he reigned from 1417-1431.

The Progressive Era from 1890-1920, was the response to the issues and injustices created by industrialization and modernization. The country had made sweeping advancements in the previous years, yet neglected to address the downfalls of the time period. However, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the United States as a whole, worked together towards achieving effective reform. Two of the main goals were restoring economic competition and making the government more effective and democratic. Although a lot of reform efforts were enacted, a large portion of those efforts fell short of fully achieving their purpose. Overall, the progressives did not effectively achieve their goals in regard to the economy and government.

countries' sole authority was at once the state and religion. Although during the Renaissance state rulers were religious, there had always remained two separate powers. By unifying the two, there was no longer a relatively secular authority. The state monopolized the power and made it a religious one.

The Enlightment originated in Europe and spread to the colonies. The Enlightment celebrated rational inquiry, scientific research, and individual freedom. This resulted in America being especially receptive to the new science. Isaac Newton led people to believe that Reason could improve society. Benjamin Franklin, a descendant of the puritans, believed that God created a universe animated by natural laws, laws that inquisitive people could discern through the use of reason. The eighteenth – century Enlightment made people think that God, the church didn’t control everything. The Enlightment period set in motion intellectual forces that resisted the orthodox way of thinking.

People in authority tend to disregard those who and that which does not benefit them, since the poor did not seem to benefit anybody, people in authority found them useless. For instance, Emperor Charles V wrote an imperial decree for the Netherlands in 1531, where he stated that alms should not be given freely to the Europeans living in poverty, in doing so not only does he believe they will fall into idleness but he thinks they will take advantage of this and live their lives based off of alms, and that it will soon lead to all evils (document 2). He states that “beggars and their children will abandon their trade or occupation for a wicked and contemptible life… above all those who are poor and sick, and other indigents unable to earn

The significant problems involving the papacy during the time of the Reformation, were the sale of indulgences and corruption throughout the church. Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Ulrich Zwingli all had issues with the church and dealt with these issues in distinctly various ways. Initially, Martin Luther disagreed with the fact that people could pay to remove their sins and questioned the authenticity of the church. He believed that the only true religious authority is the word of God and the bible and the belief of “justification by faith alone”. Luther, in result, established churches that wouldn’t accept the Pope as their leader.

For example, the Great Schism is the first major division within Christianity. The Great Schism, otherwise known as the East-West Schism, is when the early Christian Church split into the Western Roman Catholic Church (led by Pope Leo IX) and Eastern Orthodox Church (led by the patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius). This occurred in 1054 but previously there had been a lot of tension between the two sides. The Great Schism occurred because of

Hi Jarred, thank you for your essay. I did like seeing how you described the Catholic Church’s defense for the papacy through their interpretation of the scripture. Furthermore, you described how the papacy was intended to bring the church together and be an office of unity within the church. Although, the original intent was for good it became corrupted over time with the innate desire within man to have power and control. I too agree with your statement that when the emperor of Rome left the city it left a vacuum of power and the only position that was in like a line of succession was the office of the papacy. The pope as the next most powerful political, spiritual, and social influence must have surely felt the need to step up to the plate

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there was a period in history where there existed no real centralized political authority in Western Europe; however, the church remained as strong as ever. Taking advantage of the inherent power vacuum, the Catholic Church became the highest authority in Western Europe. Due to the lack of other formal institutions, the church became the center of education, thus the clergy comprised some of the best educated and administrated minds in the chaos following the collapse of the empire. The Church also capitalized on the political entropy to enact the principle of papal primacy. This doctrine elevated the Roman Pope to become the absolute leader of the Catholic Church, giving them unprecedented religious

The devastating effect of the Crusades coupled with the spread of the Black Plague launched a changing public view of papal authority. This resulted in a more analytical mindset creating a foothold for the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution . An overtly secular focus took precedence over religious matters and the moral decay of the Church was called into question. This obsession of secular control is most clearly exemplified by the Great Schism that took place from 1378 to 1417 . The Great Schism was the result of the Babylonian Captivity, in which the papacy was forced to relocate to Avignon . Soon after returning to Rome, conflict arose within the papacy resulting in three popes fighting for the title. “When the Council of Constance unified the papacy in 1417 with the election of Martin V, the pope’s political authority outside of the