David Harold Blackwell's African-American

Kenneth Blackwell was born in San Fierro on May 7, 1994. His family had a record of having lots of blue-collar workers for the past generations, his father was a coal miner working in Hunter Quarry but his mother was a nurse in a large facility owned by San Fierro Medical Center. As Blackwell grew up he began to take interest in outdoor, blue-collar work like his ancestors did but he also had an interest in medical care and first aid; this was attributed to his mother. Blackwell graduated from San Fierro High School in 2012 with good scores and decided to go to state college. The family was not financially healthy so joining a state college was not an option for Blackwell. Despite his setback and lack of opportunity in his home town, he decided

Slavery began in the late 16th century to early 18th century. Africans were brought to American colonies by white masters to come and work on their plantations in the South. They were treated harshly with no payments for all their hard work. In addition, they lived under harsh living conditions, and this led to their resistance against these harsh conditions. The racism towards the African Americans who were slaves was at its extreme as they did not have any rights; no civil nor political rights.

Jesse Ernest Wilkins jr. Born November 27,1923a in Chicago and died May 12, 2011 in Arizona was an American nuclear scientist mathematician and and mechanical engineer he attended the university of Chicago at the age of 13, becoming its youngest student. Because he was young and smart he got the name "negro genius"in local newspapers at 17 Jesse, received his Associate bachelor . in Mathematics and ranked in the top 10 in Mathematics' famous undergraduate Putnam Competition. the youngest student ever admitted.

students, wrote two books and published more than 80 papers during his career. He held 12 honorary degrees, including from Harvard, Yale, Carnegie Mellon and Howard universities and from the National University of Lesotho. Blackwell died in Berkeley, California on July 8, 2010 at the age of 91. Blackwell is survived by four of his eight children: Hugo of Berkeley; Ann Blackwell and Vera Gleason of Oakland; and Sarah Hunt of Houston, Texas. He was preceded in death by his wife, Ann Madison Blackwell, who died in 2006 after 62 years of marriage; and children Julia Madison Blackwell, David Harold Blackwell Jr., Grover Johnson Blackwell and Ruth Blackwell Herch. David Blackwell had became to be an mathematician and statistician, was the first African American to be elected to the National Academy of Sciences (1965) and is especially known for his contributions to the theory of duels. Blackwell was also a pioneer in textbook writing and game theory. Blackwell wrote one of the first Bayesian (relating to or denoting statistical methods based on Bayes' theorem) textbooks, his 1969 Basic Statistics. Blackwell was also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity (Tau chapter – University of Illinois at

Herman Hudson was born in Biringham, Alabama in 1923 and grew up to get his bachelors, masters, and doctorate degrees from the university of michigan. He had a long career at teaching at other colleges and universitys until the landed at Indiana University. During his time there he established all of the African American studies institues at the college and helped inprove race relations among the community.

In 1969, he earned his Ph.D... He earned his masters of science in mathematics from Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 1967. While at the university, he lead an organization known to be the Black Uhuru Society. At the time, this society was the only functioning civil rights organization in the area. From 1969 to 1971, Williams served as a Research Associate in the Department of Mathematics at Pennsylvania State University. He was chosen to be Assistant Professor of Mathematics a year later. During the time, he struggled to overcome racism and to obtain tenure. Overtime, things got easier for him.

Terry Wilcoxen, Randy Eskridge, and I, Gary Gilmore love politics, we’ve met each other from politics actually, but I’m an african-american man and they are white people. Well anyway we travel, watch politics, and debate together. We have a blast! We’re all the same age. Well, today we are going to watch a man named, Abraham Lincoln, and Stephen Douglas speak to each other about the Kansas-Nebraska act. We ride our horse carriage to the debate and we have now started to notice a horse carriage that has been following us for a while, so I ask Terry,

James Weldon Johnson author of The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man discusses the issue of race and identity in his short story. Writing in first person Johnson follows the unnamed protagonist from childhood up to adulthood, he demonstrates in different areas how this unnamed man handles his identity and his race as colored. The fact that he remains nameless throughout the story shows more of the connection between identity and race. During the course of the story Johnson’s protagonist makes the argument that identity is highly based upon the race of the individual. His journey from adolescence to adulthood as a colored man seems to play a keen role in the jobs he makes and the people he interacts with, ultimately defining his identity based on his race.

Elbert Frank Cox was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics. As of today he receives a little recognition as he did back in his days. Yet some may ask: How was his early life? What were his mathematical achievements? Although many African American men made contributions to the mathematical world like the self taught Benjamin Banneker(d.1806), the first African American to teach in a predominantly white college Charles Lewis Reason(d.1893), the first African American to attend John Hopkins University Kelly Miller(d.1939), and many more great African American mathematicians. Elbert Frank Cox was a phenomenal African American mathematician and pioneer

Black Like Me In the Fall of 1959, John Howard Griffin set out on a journey of discovery. A discovery of his own nature, as well as a discovery of human nature. With the help of a friend, Griffin transformed his white male body into that of an African-American male body. Through a series of medical treatments, the transformation was complete.

Author, Dr. Beverly Tatum a clinical psychologist whose main study of interest is Black children’s racial identity development wrote the text Why Are All the Black Kids sitting Together in the Cafeteria? After receiving a letter from a school principal in New Jersey applauding her on her reason of why, in racially mixed schools all over the country, Black kids were still sitting together in school cafeterias. In the text Tatum shares her thoughts about the development of racial identity faced by the African American population and how it is interrelated to racism at the turn of the twentieth century while highlighting the Black-White relation in childhood and adolescence age group. The book entails controversy in that, Dr. Tatum understanding of racism is centered heavily on race. Tatum’s explanation of racism suggest that Blacks cannot be racist based on the fact their racial bigotry do not stand or rest on a structure of advantage.

Dr. Blackwell was appointed a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study from 1941 for a year . At that time members of the Institute were automatically officially made visting fellows of Princeton University , and thus Blackwell was listed in its bulletin as such . This caused considerable ruckus as there had never been a black student much less faculty fellow , at the University most

During reconstruction the United States was divided on social issues, presidential campaigns were won and loss on these issues during this period. The struggle for development of African Americans and how they initiated change in political, economic, educational, and social conditions to shape their future and that of the United States. (Dixon, 2000) The South’s attempts to recover from the Civil war included determining what to do with newly freed slaves and finding labor to replace them. The task of elevating the Negro from slave to citizen was the most enormous one which had ever confronted the country. Local governments implemented mechanisms of discrimination to combat citizenship

     Between 1910 and 1920, in a movement known as the Great Migration, hundreds of thousands of African Americans uprooted from their homes in the South and moved North to the big cities in search of jobs. They left the South because of racial violence and economic discrimination. Their migration was an expression of their changing attitudes toward themselves, and has been described as "something like a spiritual emancipation." Many migrants moved to Harlem, a neighborhood on the upper west side of Manhattan. In the 1920's, Harlem became the worlds largest black community; also home to a highly diverse mix of cultures. This unprecedented outburst of creative activity exposed their unique culture and encouraged

The mission of the students around the country who fought for an education that would shed light on African Americans. The progress the students created is seen today in American Universities ,and also HBCUs, where (AAS)African American Studies is implemented into the curriculum. Before, the dissection the formation of AAS, it should be noted that without the sacrifice from others I undoubtedly would not be writing about AAS ,or reflecting on the significance it has created for generations so far.