The current study is an effort to analyse existing secondary data which includes professional journals, industry reports, past research on related topics and data sheets of multiphase pumps (MPPs) so as to understand the efficiencies and advantages brought in by MPPs in multiphase pumping conditions. The study also attempts to provide a general criterion of a pump for a particular process during production. It is understood that fluids pumped from off shore oil wells will essentially pump multiphase fluids at all times up to separation stage. Also, oil wells undergo changes in gas volume fraction and watercut during the lifecycle of the well including testing, installation, initial phase of pumping, in established and operational oil wells, an aging oil well and during abandonment.
The criterion to choose a multiphase boosting solution for any oil well system is very subjective and in most cases is dependent on the pump manufacturer or system packager data. Such a situation may result in over-dependence on the vendors and probably camouflage other available technologies or limitations in the known technology. The study will compare both the manufacturer data sheets as well as the available data on multiphase pump performance in oil wells across the globe. The available literature on the subject only indicates that certain type of pump is suitable for a given application but does not provide a generalized set of criterion for deciding up on a pump for a particular field
In today’s society the issues of producing energy is becoming more and more scare which, constantly posses the question, “How will energy be obtained in order to sustain future generations?” Hydraulic fracturing, informally known as fracking is believed to be an effective alternative to provide us with the energy we need to fuel tomorrow. Hydraulic fracking was first used at Texas Stanolind Oil and Gas Cooperations in 1947. However, it was not until 1949 that The Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Cooperation was given a licensee to use hydraulic fracturing. Since then a combination of two advanced methods have been introduced and incorporated (4). These methods are slick-water hydraulic fracturing and precision drilling of wells. Nevertheless,
Pumper 15 arrived on the scene finding heavy fire in the A side(living room) and in the attic area. Fire department attacked and extinguished the flames, containing the fire in the living room and attic area above the living room.
Hydraulic Fracturing (also commonly known as fracking) is a process used to extract natural gasses deep within the earth. This is done by drilling vertically into the ground until the desired depth; then drilling horizontally; and pumping millions of gallons of water, sand, and other chemicals into the drill at a high pressure to create fissures through which the gas can escape. Currently, hydraulic fracturing is extensively used in the United States in order to access fossil fuel energy deposits which were previously inaccessible. Although fossil fuels can now be accessed easily through this process, there are many health and environmental risks associated with fracking that may make it less than ideal. For instance, fracking can contaminate drinking water, increase air pollution, and leave workers and near-by residents open to many health risks. Although there have been laws and regulations passed to help minimize the risks involved with fracking, an in-depth analysis of the opinions of supporters of fracking and the research behind it will show how fracking needs to be further regulated in order to be safe and effective for everyone. While we do not have to completely stop the use of fracking, improving the fracking process or reforming the current laws and regulations can allow us to receive the economic benefits of fracking, while also being environmentally and health conscious.
As we become increasingly technologically complex, humans are becoming more and more reliant on energy. This energy is used for gasoline, heating and electricity among many others. Acquiring energy is very important but acquiring this energy in the most environmentally friendly way is even more important. There are various methods used when obtaining natural gas but one of the most controversial ways is through the process of hydraulic fracturing. The idea of Hydraulic fracturing or Fracking dates back to 1866 when inventor Col. E.A.L. Roberts lowered a torpedo to the bottom of a well, filled the well with water and the detonated the charge. The weight of the water forced an explosion and oil began to gush out. Modern
One of the most highly debated topics in the gas industry is hydraulic fracking. News about it is on the radio, tv and all over the internet. The truth about hydraulic fracking can be hard to find but is imperative to know the truth. The U.S Energy Information Administration estimates that the United States has 2,119 trillion cubic feet of recoverable gas. They predict that 60% of this gas is “unconventional gas” that is stored in low permeability formations such as shale, coalbeds, and tight sands (Jackson, 2011).
With the age of constant industrial and technological growth has come the necessity for not only cost effective and efficient methods for industry, but also the need for obtaining fuel for the machines that make the modern world possible. Oil has become as precious a commodity as gold, if not more so; its attainments constantly driving the world's largest businesses and governments across the world into action. Naturally, a "quick-fix" solution to this problem is constantly sought after by oil companies wishing to provide oil on a massive scale. One of these drilling methods is known as induced hydraulic fracturing (also known as fracking).
Hydraulic fracturing in combination with advancement in directional drilling has made it possible to economically extract oil and gas from unconventional resources. The growth in U.S. oil and gas exploration and production made possible by the increase in use of hydraulic fracturing, has raised concerns about its potential to impact human health and the environment. Concerns have been raised by the public about the effects of hydraulic fracturing on quality and quantity of drinking water resources. The hydraulic fracturing water cycle includes five main activities: the withdrawal of ground or surface water needed for hydraulic fracturing fluids; the mixing of water, chemicals, and proppant on the well pad to create the hydraulic fracturing fluid; the injection of hydraulic fracturing fluids into the well to fracture the formation, the return of injected fluid and water produced from the formation to the surface; and the reuse, treatment and disposal of wastewater generated at the well pad, including produced water (U.S. EPA, 2015). With the water cycle being so massive and prolonged, the presence of potential negative impacts is greatly increased.
Fracking fluid is pumped into the well under high pressure (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2010).
The first successful commercial application of Horizontal Hydraulic Fracturing was in 1949 (Norris) and has opened up a new window of opportunity for the economy and the environmental controversy. Fracking has made some major improvements over the years: including getting more product per yield and improving some environmental shortcomings of the extracting process. It has also increased in operation size; a comparison is shown below in Figure 1. Modern Horizontal Hydraulic Fracturing has a complex process and most Americans don’t fully understand the process of Horizontal Hydraulic
When you mentioned in your post the IV pump shortage problem and that nurses were hiding the pumps on the floors, I had to shake my head and giggle because my department is having the same exact problem. We are going through those identical challenges with the change. I calculate that every hospital encounters the same challenges with change across the world.
With the discovery of new technology that allows for us to drill deeper than ever before, natural gas wells are sprouting up all over the United States. Since 2011, U.S. oil production has increased by almost 3 million barrels a day, with a total production at 8.5 million barrels in July 2014. The growth in fracking efficiency has brought a lot of attention and criticism to the subject.
A growing concern with meeting future resource demands has made energy a pivotal commodity in today’s global economy. The introduction of; methods that conserve exhaustible resources, as well as, the use of renewable resources, have sought to solve the impending energy crisis. In recent years, one technological advancement that has been beneficial in the search for an alternative a renewable energy source is, Hydraulic fracturing or “fracking”. Hydraulic fracturing or fracking is a method of drilling; which injects fluids; such as water and toxic chemicals; into wells deep underground, to extract oil and gas resources. Fracking allows for the obtainment of oil and natural gas from sources that would be otherwise inaccessible. However, the use of Hydraulic fracturing has been known to have adverse environmental impacts, making it a controversial topic in the United States.
Well economics were viewed to assess and justify a poor boy gas lift/ plunger lift install on the potential candidate. WI and NRI were taken into account as well. It was found that TRE maintains a 93.1 % WI on the plunger candidate with a NRI of 69.8 %. The NRI to WI ratio is found to be 75 %. Common NRI/WI ratios range from 75% to 87.5%, so this well would fall at the lower end of the spectrum.
Common Knowledge around gasoline pumps is very rare. Some of the public is unware of the danger. Much the consequence of their actions that they oppose to the rest of us. The polices are put in place for reason, reasons that someone as in endangered others. Cell phones and smoking should be common knowledge and common sense at least we would think so.
Providing clean and affordable energy to the world is essential, yet at the same time is challenging. I am a petroleum engineering student and chose this profession to provide the world with energy so that it could meet its ever-growing energy demands while safeguarding the environment. As a petroleum engineer, it is my role to retrieve energy that is miles beneath the surface of the Earth and provide it to the world. One famous and most common method of doing so is called the hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is a technique in which a rock, which is well below Earth’s surface is fractured by a pressurized fracking liquid.