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Cult Of Saints

Decent Essays

(in conjunction with the image of Daniel in the lion’s den) refers to a Jewish “penitential” prayer that acknowledges the “miraculous intervention of God in response to the prayers of his people in [times of] great difficulty.” These themes may have then been used by early Christians to highlight their own struggles in forming the early church, thus giving rise to popular images of Jonah and Daniel in Christian catacombs. Thus, just like how early Christians gave meaning to pagan figures in a variety of ways, they drew upon Jewish heritage to give meaning to the spiritual aspect of the early Church.
These themes would have been reflected upon in sermons and liturgical discourse. Indeed, early Christian assemblies would have been well aware …show more content…

The cult of saints was Pope Damasus’ attempt to concentrate and consolidate Christian identity, tradition, and memory through the worship of relics and bones of the martyrs. The connection between catacomb art and the formation of the cult of saints is difficult to discern at first. Yet, a clue to this fourth-century transition can be found in a mosaic from the Catacomb of Priscilla (Figure 4), which shows several figures surrounding a table at some sort of funerary meal. Much of the debate surrounding this image revolves around Christian feminism and the role of women in the early church. According to some scholars, the image depicts several women celebrating a proto-Eucharistic feast. For these scholars, the male-like appearance of these women is a result of Damasus’ attempts to literally draw over the original image and centralize the church around male martyrs, thus cutting out the influence of women in the early Church. While the topic of early Christian women is best left for another essay, the controversial image below provides a key clue upon which the relationship between catacomb art and the cult of saints can be examined. Just as Damasus may have altered the nature of this image to suit the needs of the cult of saints, he used the catacombs to meet the same …show more content…

After the death of Pope Liberius in 366, supporters of archdeacon Damasus massacred 137 followers of deacon Ursinus, Damasus’ rival in the succession dispute. Emerging from the conflict as the new bishop of Rome, Damasus embarked on a public relations campaign in an attempt to heal the wounds created by the violent succession crisis. This ensuing campaign put martyrs and their graves in the catacombs at the forefront of Christian worship: this became known as the cult of saints. Damusus focused primarily on Saints Peter and Paul, which served the added purpose of asserting the dominance of the Bishop of Rome over all the other Christian bishops, due to Peter and Paul’s connection to the city of Rome. The psychological goal of Damasus’ cult of saints, however, was to foster a belief in the afterlife that a living person could connect to the figure of a dead saint. The significance of martyrdom had not been lost on early Christians. Indeed, in the words of fifth-century bishop of Cyrrhus, Theodoret, “The masses do not even know the names of the emperors and their generals; but everyone knows the names of the martyrs, better than those of their most intimate friends.” Damasus recognized how the worship of martyrs could cement his position of power, and he thus needed a physical space to enact this experiment. To do this, Damasus turned to the catacombs, which had largely been in a state of disrepair since the

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