Anna Koeneke Reading Response #1
Wide open spaces, uninhabited for miles; breathtaking scenery, unchanged for centuries. Explorers charting this great unknown; exploring this frontier known simply as the West. This common narrative of the West can be seen in movies, television, and artwork from around the globe. However, many parts of this narrative can be far from reality. West’s A Narrative History of the West, Miller’s Agents of Empire, The Lewis and Clark expedition, and Aron’s The Afterlives of Lewis and Clark all provide a counter-narrative to the traditional narrative of the “untouched” West and highlight the importance media has on the public’s interpretation of the West.
Before examining the similarities of the readings,
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Although, each reading has a different argument, all of them provide a counter-narrative to the traditional narrative of the West. West explores the false idea that the West was empty and uninhabited, and how in reality, “it holds the nation’s oldest continuously inhabited sites” (West, p.71). That the West is not a new invention, but rather it has been a “place or rather places, in the fullest human sense of the term for quite a while. It has had its own stories to tell since at least five thousand years before the earliest cities of Mesopotamia.” (West, p.71). This argument challenges the popular narrative of the West being free for the taking, as many Native American’s have lived and cultivated this land for centuries. West also challenges the narrative of Native Americans living “changeless lives” in the West (West, p. 72). West describes dynamic changes including “rivalries and collective squabbles, alliances, victories and calamitous losses, adaptations, and shifting relations among spirits and men” (West, p. 72).
West’s use of footnotes helps validate some of his claims. Especially, how various groups perceived the West. For example, when discussing the Native American perspective, West provides several books to back up his claims
During the election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson was elected president.Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were running against each other. Americans were losing hope because the electoral college voted 35 times and still could not chose the next president. Alexander Hamilton came in and made a plan that helped resolve who won, which was Thomas jefferson. Then they created the 12th Amendment.
The Lewis and Clark expedition or the “Louisiana Purchase” was the result of Spain selling the whole Louisiana area to France, and seeing how France was trying to become dominant over England, Thomas Jefferson feared that France would try to make itself the dominant power in the U.S. too. Jefferson worried about what would happen when, or if, France took over New Orleans. Jefferson sent James Monroe to buy back New Orleans, however France had lost its Haiti territory., and without Haiti, France had no way to defend the Louisiana territory, and France was in the shadow of a war, so to gain money for the coming war, Napoleon sold the entire Louisiana area to the U.S. for less than 4 cents an acre.
After acquiring the Louisiana Territory in 1803, the United States President Thomas Jefferson planned for expeditions in the new land. The land bought was huge and unknown for the Americans. Soon many Americans were going to live on this land so they had to know well the territory. For the expedition, Thomas Jefferson asked two former soldiers, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore and map the west of North America. The president asked them to take notes of the soil, plants, animals and American Indians tribes they would find during the trip. He also wanted them to look after locations for trading posts and settlements.
As the part of the crew for Lewis and Clark’s expedition, Thomas was always having to do something, whether it was to hunt, fish, find a campground, or anything that was needed of him. They had been on the journey for over one year and they were now in Idaho and there were many mountains and raging rivers. They had run out of supplies now and had to conserve ammo for guns due to the fact that most of it was gone now because of all the hunting in the past year and in the meantime they needed more guns due to the fact some were lost. Additionally, they also needed more men because the more tribes they met there were more intense discussions with Lewis and Clark and the rest of the crew. At the moment if they did not get get more guns, ammo, and men the trip would have to
The Lewis and Clark Expedition was also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, it had a significant impact throughout American History. In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson, as a highlight of his political career he initiated this expedition shortly after the Purchase of Louisiana and it was the first government-sponsored exploration. The goal of this expedition was to find a route across the continent to reach the Pacific Ocean and also make a general map of western terrain; to establish relationships with Native Americans and trade with different native tribes; to collect information of natural resources and to study on the wild animals and plants in the west. In 1804, a group of 33 American soldiers led by Meriwether Lewis, the commander
There are many ways in which we can view the history of the American West. One view is the popular story of Cowboys and Indians. It is a grand story filled with adventure, excitement and gold. Another perspective is one of the Native Plains Indians and the rich histories that spanned thousands of years before white discovery and settlement. Elliot West’s book, Contested Plains: Indians, Goldseekers and the Rush to Colorado, offers a view into both of these worlds. West shows how the histories of both nations intertwine, relate and clash all while dealing with complex geological and environmental challenges. West argues that an understanding of the settling of the Great Plains must come from a deeper understanding, a more thorough
In 1803, shortly after the Louisiana Purchase, Thomas Jefferson, our third US President sent two men, U.S. Army Captain Meriwether Lewis and William Clark out to explore the unexplored west and in search of a water route across North America, fulfilling the dreams of Thomas Jefferson in sending explorers across the America.
Imagine standing and staring at giant Mountains that were touching clouds, reaching for the sun.And thinking
Brian Levack, Edward Muir, Micheal Maas, Meredith Veldman. The West: Encounters and Transformations, Consise Edition. Pearson: Upper Saddle River, 2009. Print
Before the expeditions of todays well known Lewis and Clark, the entire western end of the United States was uncharted territory consisting of new peoples and surroundings waiting to be discovered. A member of this team included John Colter , who is an unknown person to most historians. Colter was an important piece of this group, and though he did not stay with Lewis and Clark during the entirety of two years, from May 1804 to September 1806, he was an essential component of their travels. While Lewis and Clark have been recognized with pioneering the lands in the Louisiana Purchase during the 1800s, no recognition has been awarded to John Colter, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition . Colter deserves attention for locating the
While the 19th century Americans were the adventurers and explorers of this land, they were also the conquerors and exploiters. During the infamous Trail of Tears, the Cherokee nation was forced onto a 1000-mile march, during which thousands of Native American perished. In the Letter to President Pierce, Chief Seattle condemns the white people’s disrespectful exploitation of land through rhetorical strategies such as sarcastic tone, the imagery of the nature, and the parallel structure of “what” towards the end of the letter. Chief Seattle maintains a sarcastic tone throughout the letter. He repeatedly refers to the red men as “savage” who “does not understand,” “But perhaps because I am a savage and does not understand, the clatter only seems to insult the ears.”
Web essay 4: The West There are many people that think of the land west of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean known simply as “The West” as just another part of the United States. The real story of how the western frontier as we know it today manifested is a truly magnificent one. It is one of many different perspectives filled with war, courage, religious freedom, and the bloodshed of many for the fulfillment of dreams or the perseverance of ones right to their land and culture. It was the center of the universe for the Indians who were first to inhabit the land and a promise of riches and power for explorers, settlers, and missionaries who set out to make the West their own. The two sections I paid particular attention to in my research were The People and The Empire upon the Trails.
American history teaches us that, going west has always been a regarded as progression. From the earliest settlers to the “new land” to the idea of Manifest Destiny, progressive movement and thinking has always traveled west. The west is always thought of as being more liberal more free. “True West” A compelling play written by Sam Shepard, developed characters that “struggle to define and assert their identities.” <1702> By using the idea of going west Shepard’s play’s “ present a picture of America torn between its idealistic values and the painful realties of frontier paved over for a parking lot, and cowboys enclosed in a move and television screen.”<1702> By comparing and contrasting the lead characters Austin and Lee, Shepard shows the reader that “going west” does not always mean a change in the right direction.
The emergence of western history as an important field of scholarship started with Frederick Jackson Turner’s (1861-1932) famous essay “The Significance of the Frontier in American history.”[1] This thesis shaped both popular and scholarly views of the West for the next two generations. In his thesis, Turner argued that the West had to be taken seriously. He felt that up to his time there had not been enough research of what he in his essay call “the fundamental, dominating fact in the U.S. history”: the territorial expansion from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. The frontier past was, according to Turner, the best way to describe the distinctive American history and character.
In Samuel P. Huntington’s article “The West: Unique, Not Universal,” he addresses his audience with a very controversial question: Is Western Culture universal or unique? Huntington elaborately opens up this question with research and examples to explain and persuade readers that the West will never be a universal culture for all, but rather a unique culture that will be accepted by those who appreciate it. For decades now, historians and scholars have debated with one another to determine who is right and wrong. However, from a handful of articles from different scholars, Samuel Huntington’s statement that the West is unique rather than universal is supported and even further elaborated on by these particular sources. A common understanding between all the sources, that must be noted, is that a civilization’s culture is not comprised of material goods but rather their culmination of their religion(s), values, language(s) and traditions. While although there are scholars out their that negate the West is unique, a large amount of scholars still argue and strengthen Huntington’s argument that the West has unique and exclusive characteristics that make them distinctive and rare.