Criminal Behavior: Chapter Summary And Analysis

Lawrence Kohlberg, a developmental psychologist, identified six developmental stages of human moral reasoning. The first stage that he recognized was the Punishment-Obedience Orientation, where the person’s concern is for avoiding punishment through obedience. The second stage was the Instrumental Relativist Orientation, where the person’s concern is to work in their self interest, and better their position. The third stage of moral development was the Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation, where the person’s concern lies with their reputation. Next was the Law And Order Orientation, where the person was less concerned with their own immediate well being to the maintenance of a larger society. The fifth stage was the Social Contract

Albert Bandura created the bobo doll experiment in 1961, the aim of this experiment was to show that if children where witnesses to aggressive displays by an adult of some sort they would imitate this behaviour when given an opportunity. The tested group contained 36 young girls and 36 young boys all aged between 4 and 5 years which was then divided into 3 groups of 24 – the aggressive condition, the non aggressive condition and the control group. The first group involved the children watching aggressive models, where the children where then subdivided by sex of the role model they were exposed to. The second group

The first proposition by Sutherland is “criminal behavior is learned and acquired from the environment” (Van Cleve, Social Learning Theory 2017). Growing up in the poor community of Waterhouse, Kingston is the negative environment that has shaped Biggs and Wayne’s criminal behavior because the community is infested with illegal guns and drugs. As young men, their only goal was to be gangsters because their communities were crime-ridden. Around the age of 10, Wayne knows where to find a gun that he uses in a robbery. In the slums of Kingston, it is not difficult to get ahold of guns because they are used for protection by many young people. As mentioned above, Biggs and Wayne robbed a soda truck but prior to that incident Biggs told Wayne “he

Stage 2 is a little more open minded, but not enough to look at the “big picture.”

In today's society people tend to realize there are crimes in their surrounding areas, most believe it has to deal with the person itself that has committed the crime. When a crime has occurred its main focal point is the behavioral genetics. Researchers have conducted studies upon us with the priority being on adopted children with the heritability of committing crimes. Another reason that can be teased is the nature and nurture effect. The main reason for nature and nurture is the social environment but also even biological factors even proven to have dealt with adopted children.

In the chapter 6 PowerPoint, it describes that “people see how they are labeled and accept the label as being true, and people behavior the way that they think someone with their label should behave” (15). For example, in the film, it describe how people think about the drug dealers which they have suicidal spirits, doesn’t care whether they get killed or to kill someone and they not hesitate in using violence or killing that person ever you’re a child. Drug dealers become criminals when labeled as such and they accept the label as their personal identify. Drug dealer has negative social label that change the social identity which it is call stigma in sociology. Another example was people think rich people using cocaine, and poor people using pot.

Criminal behavior is not biologically determined. How would you feel if you were arrested because your parents had criminal pasts? If you didn't do anything wrong, then you shouldn’t be blamed because your parents, or relative, has a criminal background. Criminal behavior is not determined biologically. Behavior is not determined biologically or by genetics.

Marxist claim that the bourgeoisie choose what they consider is criminal and deviant behaviour within society. They say the proletariat are the main culprits of the criminal behaviour, and they and those who are in a lower class are forced into committing crimes to survive as there is no other option for them. The main reason for the high crime rate is due to how the system works. White collar crimes seem to usually be ignored while lesser crimes such as burglary, vandalism and every day street crime tend to be highlighted more within the public eye and seen as much worse. This may well be because the ruling class have the funds to provide good lawyers and the power to cover their crimes up. Because the working class are policed heavier, as they are expected to break the law more, they are more likely to be caught for any offences. Marxists value the norms and values of society believing that if you do not conform and obey the rules you should be punished. This is why schools, religion and the justice system (prison) are used to encourage people to conform to what society expects of them.

The ways in which offenders think about their potential actions are all diverse. This varied nature can stem from the characteristics of the criminal being inherently different. However, the actual crime commission can play a role in how offenders think about crime. This same thought process is true for how an offender makes the decision to engage in criminal activity. There are countless variables and factors that are moving and connected at any given time, that can result in the engagement of criminal behavior and/or activity. Therefore, it is imperative that we understand the complex thought processes that offenders participate in, with this knowledge we learn how to better protect society, as well as how to prevent further crime from occurring.

Within the past few years, Provincial and federal incarceration rates have slowly but steadily been increasing, with actual number of adults being admitted to territorial, provincial or federal programs at 211,970 in 2006, and steadily climbing to 262,067 in 20101, with the rising crime rate comes different methods to attempt to combat crime, some focus on being more preventative, such as community outreach programs that focus on at risk youth or children who live in priority neighborhoods, while others are primarily used once a crime has occurred, such as police intervention leading to a civil suit or a criminal charge; this, is the concept of Crime Deterrence, sometimes Deterrence can be viewed as flawed for the fact

One of my favorite shows on T.V is “Criminal Minds,” show stories of the existence of the FBI’S Behavioral Analysis Units and how expert profilers work with the FBI to search and capture rapists, serial killers that terrorize society. However, after watching a number of episodes, one can’t help but question or wonders if what they watching are real. In the real world, every day in the United State law enforcement officers is called to respond to horrify murder scenes. What is the mission of the Behavior Analysis Units? “The mission of the Behavioral Analysis Units (BAU) is to provide operational support for difficult and time-sensitive cases and other matters through the application of investigative case experience, education, specialized

“There is sometimes a fine line between a cop and a criminal. What drives their personality may be the same, and they have simply chosen different roles and professions to call their own.” – Dr. M.L. Rapier PhD, Clinical Psychology. Upon the first meeting one will generally have a curious mind. With this inquisitive mind a person will engage in two types of arbitration, conscious or unconscious. The determinations may very well be based on several characteristics to include attire, confidence, linguistics, ethnicity, and/or race. While some judgements are small others will determine the very category in which a person, whom one has never met, places you.

When looking at criminal activity and the direct connection to the criminal behavior we see that there have been many research trials that have taken place over the history of humankind (Mishra & Lalumiere, 2008). Two of these research areas that have been developed to attempt to understand the causes of criminal behavior are known as biological and psychological perspectives of crime causation. These two sectors have their principles that are held in their theories as a standard scientific understanding of the basics that each evaluation of criminal behavior is built on (Dretske, 2004).

Stage 1: Punishment obedience orientation: the consequences determine the goodness or badness of an act. Obedience is to avoid punishment but “if it won’t be punished then it’s not wrong”; the severity of the punishment or the greatness of the harm done determines the level of

The theory of moral development, advanced by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg is one of the most well-known persuasive theories in the field of cognitive science and stems from the work of Jean Piaget, which hypothesizes on the direct correlation that exists between moral and cognitive development. Kohlberg speaks of the appearance and understanding of what is right and wrong from childhood to adulthood and explains by this transition through the identification of various levels of morality known as pre-conventional, conventional and post conventional. People will make decisions based on the understanding of the possible outcome and through reasoning of morals. (Target Concept)