Harvard Business School
9-291-026
Rev. October 29, 1993
Note on Bank Loans
Bank loans are a versatile source of funding for businesses. For example, these loans can be structured either as short- or long-term, fixed or floating rate, demand or with a fixed maturity, and secured or unsecured. While each potential borrower's business is unique, reasons to borrow generally include the purchase of assets including new fixed assets or entire businesses, repayment of obligations, raising of temporary or permanent capital, and the meeting of unexpected needs. Loan repayment generally comes from one of four sources: operations, turnover or liquidation of assets, refinancing, or capital infusion. This note describes traditional bank lending
…show more content…
Identifying alternatives to routine asset conversion as a source of repayment will further protect the bank.
Long-Term Loans
Introduced in the 1930s, long-term loans ("term loans") are relatively new in banking practice. Providing advantages in its flexibility to adapt to a borrower's special requirements, a term loan has the following characteristics: · · Original maturity of longer than one year; Repayment provided from future earnings or cash flow rather than the short-term liquidation of assets; and Provisions of the loan arrangement detailed in and governed by a signed agreement between the borrower and the lender(s), referred to herein as a Loan Agreement.
·
Term loans are most often used for specific purposes like the purchase of fixed assets, acquisition of another company, or refinancing existing long-term debt. The term loan may also be used in place of equity or a revolving credit facility to finance permanent working capital needs. The loan's amount and structure will closely match the transaction being financed. A term loan is typically fully funded at its inception, and principal and interest are repaid over a period of years from operating cash flows generated by the borrower. The tenor, or maturity, of term loans ranges from one to ten years with the average ranging from two to five years. Though the lender does not look to liquidation of the acquired asset(s) as the primary source of funds for repayment, a
(see above). The New Term Loan was extended to the Company and the proceeds were to
short- or long-term borrowing” are a cash inflow from financing activities. Similarly, ASC 23010-45-15 states that “repayments of amounts borrowed” are a cash outflow for financing
As inventories and account receivable steadily increased, the firm distressingly opted for a short-term solution. By means of long-term lending in 1994 and higher short-term credit in 1994 and 1995, SDI chose to temporarily resolve the current issues of the firm without considering the potential long-term ramifications. As illustrated in Table 1, long-term loans remained the same while short-term bank loans increased by 71% between 1994 and 1995; a drastic change within a short span of time (Appendix A). Similarly, as depicted in Table 2, the interest on the firm’s short-term loans rose from 1994 to 1995
24 months from closing. The Borrower will have the option to extend the loans for an additional six (6) months provided the following conditions are met to the satisfaction of the lender: 1) Loan is not otherwise in default 2) There is adequate interest reserve with the loan proceeds to service the debt during the extension period. The Borrower will have the option to post a cash interest reserve to meet this requirement 3) The Borrower has sold a total of 3 units of which 2 have settled 4) The Borrower pays a 0.25% extension fee to be calculated based on the maximum aggregate funding available.
Many businesses use debt financing to achieve their financial goals. Debt financing is raising operating capital by borrowing. Scott Equipment Organization is investigating various combinations of short-term and long-term debt financing in financing their assets. Short-term debt financing has a maturity of one year or less; whereas, long-term debt financing has a maturity of more than one year. Short-term debt is usually used to increase the amount of available working capital that can assist the company with its day-to-day operations, such as purchasing a required piece of equipment or to pay suppliers.
1. Assignment of Borrowing and Lending Activity: Presentation of cash flows from the revolving line of credit.
Long-term financing means a financing provided to an organization for a period longer than a year. This is done typically for companies who do not have enough capital or for potential home owners. Mortgages are considered long-term loans.
Across the United States, high school students can encounter a variety of issues that hinder their ability to successfully complete course work to earn the required credits towards graduation. High schools across the United States have an obligation to ensure that students are achieving and receiving a diploma. It is also in the school’s best interest to ensure students are gradating both funding wise and for the overall school rating. When a student does not receive a high school diploma the action affects the student, community and the school. High school dropouts may find it harder to obtain a job that would provide a stable and productive income verses a high school graduate thus, the financial disadvantage in turn can cause
One may decide to pay cash for everything but, there are reasons to focus on obtaining and keeping a good credit score. The first step toward understanding how credit affects ones’ life is to check the credit standing. One can get two of their credit scores for free on Credit.com. This completely free tool will break down the credit score into sections and give a grade for each. For example, how is the payment history, debt and other factors affecting your score, and get recommendations for steps that can be taken to improve ones’ credit. It is possible to get a free annual credit report from each of the major credit reporting agencies Equifax, Experian and TransUnion once every 12 months. This does not give the credit scores but, it does
Four months after my niece’s graduation party, she got an email with a subject line indicating that she would soon need to start making payments on her student loans. Employed only part time and sharing a room in a small apartment to keep costs down, she was afraid to open the email. Since I know something about student loans, I offered to help her out. I took a Sunday morning drive to her place.
After high school students are expected to go and pay for college, which upon graduation end up with thousands of dollars of student debt.College education should start people forward and not set them back, with free college more would have the opportunity to attend and gain high education at their own choice.After high school students are expected to go and pay for college, which upon graduation end up with thousands of dollars of student debt.College education should start people forward and not set them back, with free college more would have the opportunity to attend and gain high education at their own choice.With this much debt many students are set back and will carry this type of debt for years. Why is there so much debt? Schools charge an absurd amount of money usually into the tens of thousands. If we stop charging for college or even lower tuition it would almost completely
A student loan payment can be deferred or cancelled altogether, did you know this? If you have been ill or have not been able to get a job, there are ways you can have them deferred or cancelled. What you cannot do is default on the payment.
I do not have a credit report because I have not yet established credit for myself. I had not starting getting credit built up because I never needed to in the past. I never saw a point in owing anyone money for things that I was capable of buying right then and there with cash. After watching all of Dave Ramsey’s lectures and going through his workbook learning about the kind of debts that credit can get you into, I do not know that I will be using credit, unless I find myself in a situation where I absolutely need to. With that said, in this day and age it is very difficult to purchase big items such as a home or a car without having credit in your name. I feel I could be turned away from buying a home because of the lack
Many organizations have maximized the use of cash on hand by effective cash management techniques and the use of short-term financing. This paper will discuss various cash management techniques and short-term financing methods used by organizations.
The Department of Education in recent times has embraced a new system regarding student loans, bringing on board a customer-friendly policy. According to this new scheme, students will now have access to loans with easier and less complex repayment terms. This development will help them fast-track the repayment of their debts without hassles. The Department of Education also integrated an income-based repayment plan: a flexible approach geared at facilitating student finance in their most dire hour of need. Sadly, despite having the potentials to substantially pull off the amount of burden on people’s shoulders, this income-driven repayment scheme hasn’t gained much traction and acceptability among the general population. This is due to