Countermovement Jump

All athletes regardless of age, gender, genetics or sport can benefit from effective training. It is important that the selected training improves the body’s ability to perform tasks associated with the chosen

Ayalon A, Inbar O, Bar-Or O (1974) Relationships Among Measurements of Explosive Strength and Anaerobic Power. Series in Sports Science, Vol 1: 572-577

Bonnechere et al. supports their claims by conducting a biomechanical analysis on twenty five males, all young and fit, and recording measurements in different areas (Bonnechere et al., 2014). However, the study exemplified field-of-view (FOV) and kinetic energy, and their relation to sprint starting positions and safety. Field-of-view is “[a] ratio between the height of the head and Verticality [,]” (Bonnechere et al., 2014). An increase in FOV will lower the injury risk, because players are more alert of their environment. Ergo, they can avoid injury. According to the averages of each stance and the categories, initial position and motion, “[t]he FOV is increased when adopting a 2-point starting position because the trunk is more vertical,” (Bonnechere et al., 2014). Simply, when the angle between the body’s trunk and head is approximately straight, the FOV is high.

Muscular hypertrophy occurs through anaerobic training and also causes an increase in lactate tolerance since the lactate produced is less concentrated enabling athletes to tolerate increased amounts. The greater extent of muscular hypertrophy and therefore lactate tolerance in males compared to females is evident in the greater number of attacking efforts performed by them whilst on field. During the 20 minutes of the game spent on field, males performed 88.5 attacking skills (approximately 4.43 maximal efforts per minute), while females performed 76.4 attacking skills (3.82 per minute) (Appendix 2). Due to insufficient recovery of CP, the anaerobic glycolysis system would have been dominant for these efforts. Males can tolerate more lactate hence perform more efforts. Furthermore, males had a higher average of 15.40 seconds in the speed endurance test compared to 17.19 seconds for females, indicating that males have greater lactate tolerance due to developed anaerobic adaptations including muscular hypertrophy (Appendix 1). As men have a greater lactate tolerance, they can work at higher anaerobic intensities for longer durations, therefore perform more maximal efforts such as repetitively

In this lab, the focus was to study muscular fitness. In muscular fitness, there are two main components of measurements that are being taken, which are muscular strength and muscular endurance. Muscular strength is an individual’s ability to exert their maximum force. To test muscular strength, there are multiple tests such as 1 RM , Static Handgrip Strength, and Back Strength Dynamometer test. Muscular endurance is an individual’s ability to sustain prolonged muscular contractions. Tests that reveal results about an individual’s muscular endurance would be tests such as YMCA Submaximal Bench Press, Push-Up, and Plank test. It is important to remember that there is no single test for endurance and strength that will tell an

The relationship between the principles of training and physiological adaptations has a significant impact on performance. Many factors need to be addressed in a training program to make it a successful one for a particular athlete and thus improve their performance.

(2014). A Consideration of the Paradigm of Exercise Physiology. Research In Sports Medicine, 22(3), 314-322.

There is a serious debate in the track and field community as to whether there is more benefit, namely increased distances, to be gained in the throwing events from improvements in technique versus improvements in strength. While this debate focuses primarily on the shot put and discus events, the events studied in this research, it is equally true for all the throwing events. As a significant part of the throwing community, the United States is thought of as a nation that focuses too much on strength, at the expense of technique.

Spectators at sporting events come to watch athletes compete at their best during a game or meet. However, there is more to sports than just “playing the game”, “running the course”, “performing”, or whatever the case may be. Athletes understand how important sport specific workouts are; cross country is one sport that focuses on this. Most people think that “all you do is run”, although running is indeed the task, it takes a combinations of different workouts to build up an athlete’s body in order to be race ready. It is beneficial for cross country runners to do workouts that focus on speed, strength, and endurance.

1) After several workouts, I noticed a big in improvement in my cardiovascular capacity. I was able to do more laps within the 30 minutes. I also noticed that my body adapted to water to the fact that I had to swim more often, therefore I was less tired at the end of my workouts compared to the first time I did the workout. Additionally, I improved my swimming skills because it had been a while I did not swim, so I had to practice some movements and it helped me a lot to complete my laps faster.

The calf is one of the main muscle components of a counter movement jump as it is utilised in many explosive lower limb activity (Brian, 1998). The compression to the calf allows for enhanced blood flow and reduced muscle vibration (Bringard, Denis, Belluye & Perrey, 2006), which may improve performance. Ferris and Farley (1985) found that leg stiffness including calf muscles have a positive effect on leg hops and this indicates how long compression tights apply pressure to the calf muscles resulting in a possible improved vertical jump height. As there is a decrease in muscle movement, the numbers of collected muscle fibers are also reduced, which can be found by a decrease in myoelectric activity, allowing the athlete to produce more force.

“Plyometric training suggests that the demands of training should occur at speeds that will be encountered during functional activities so that the system learns just how rapidly force production will be required” (Clark pg. 8, 2015). For the diver to succeed in attaining height on the diving

Aquatic physical therapy interventions are designed to improve and maintain function, aerobic capacity, balance, coordination and agility, muscle strength, endurance, and postural stabilization (Pagliarulo)

It can be seen that if an athlete choses to use the tools of sports phycology they will effectively increase their sporting performance and ability. These tools have helped me to improve volleyball ability and

Plyometric training is a modality which requires highly coordinated and skillful movements such as bounding, jumping, hopping and skipping. The stretch-shortening cycle is an essential for plyometric training and can be described as muscle undergoing eccentric contraction; then transitioning into concentric contraction. Fast and slow plyometric movements are two categories plyometrics can be separated into depending upon the duration of ground contact time. The training volume for this type of exercise can be measured easily but measuring intensity is more complex due to individual variability. Athletes who compete in sports such as football, basketball, soccer, and track and field can benefit from plyometric training in several ways. The