1) Maize Cultivation: About 5000 B.C. hunter-gatherers in highland Mexico developed a wild grass into the staple crop of corn, which became their staff of life and the foundation of the complex, large-scale, centralized Aztec and Inca nation-states that eventually emerged. Corn planting reached the present-day American Southwest by about 1200 B.C. and powerfully molded Pueblo culture. The rich diet provided by this environmentally clever farming technique produced some of the highest population densities on the continent, among them the Creek, Choctaw, Cherokee, and Iroquois peoples.
2) North American native peoples: The native peoples of North America were living in small, scattered, and impermanent settlements on the eve of the europeans’
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Native New World introduced plants such as tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes and potatoes. The Old World/Europeans introduced animals, horses, Kentucky bluegrass and diseases; such as smallpox, yellow fever, and malaria and this whole exchange was initiated by Columbus. Europe provides the markets, the capital, and the technology; Africa furnished the labor; and the New World offered its raw materials, especially its precious metals and its soil for the cultivation of sugarcane.
4) Conquistadores: From 1519-1540, Spanish conquerors (conquistadores) spread throughout the Americas in search of gold and glory for Spain. Ponce de Leon, Coronado, de Soto Pizarro, Cortes, and other conquerors spread Spanish religion and culture throughout the Americas. While destroying many civilizations (mostly through disease) in their wake (Inca and Aztec), the conquistadores set the stage for Spanish colonization and one of the greatest and longest lasting empires of the American
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It enabled a considerable number of investors, called “adventurers,” to pool their capital. Peace with a chastened Spain provided provided the opportunity for English colonization. Population growth provided the workers.
11) First and Second Anglo-Powhatan War: First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614, sealed by the marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe and in the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644, the Indians made one last effort to dislodge the Virginians and Indians were defeated. Indians killed 347 settlers, including John Rolfe and by the second Anglo-Powhatan War, in 1669, an official census revealed that only about two thousand Indians remained in Virginia, perhaps 10 percent of the population the original English settlers had encountered in 1607. By 1685 the English considered the Powhatan peoples extinct.
12) Act of Toleration: The Catholics of Maryland threw their support behind the famed Act of Toleration, which was passed in 1649 by the local representative assembly. Maryland’s new religious statute guaranteed toleration to all Christians. It decreed the death penalty for jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of jesus. The laws thus sanctioned less toleration than had previously existed in the
37. First Anglo-Powhatan War- In 1610, Lord De La Warr of Virginia Company started the war with the Indians which ended with John Rolfe and Pocahontas getting married.
In the new world, Europeans encountered indigenous plant foods cultivated by Native Americas. These plants were potatoes, beans, corn, tobacco, and cocoa. The potato is especially important because it’s known for one of the main foods for Ireland. The European’s influenced oats and barley etc. Domesticated animals as pigs, chickens, sheep, and ox were also brought to the Americas. Horses were also brought to the new world which was a new tool for hunting and used for military.
And also during that time slavery was a common thing many native were slaves to other natives. Overall the columbian Exchange has a great impact on many Europeans and gave them many opportunities. “Crops introduced to old world include potato,tomato,maize,cacao, tobacco. Crops introduced in new world include rice,wheat,apples,bananas,and coffee. Before the Columbian Exchange there was no coffee in Columbia, no chocolate in Switzerland,and no pineapple in Hawaii.
Through the Columbian Exchange, the Indians brought potatoes to the Old World, which proved as a useful crop because you didn't have to take them out of the ground until you were ready to eat them. The Europeans brought over horses, pigs, sheep, and cattle to the New World. These animals flourished in the New World because they all were able to produce without having to worry about predators. The Europeans also brought sugar cane and bananas to the New World. These crops and livestock helped to make the New World a more diverse living space for the Europeans and the
It has been thought for many years that the Americas were a vastly unpopulated land until Columbus came. However new evidence disputes this previously thought notion. Archeologist, who have been studying the remains of Native American culture, have found evidence suggesting that the Indians were in the Americas for much longer and in greater numbers than what was believed. This new evidence shows us the impact the Europeans had on the New World and gives us insight into what the Americas were like before the Europeans and what they may have been had the Europeans never settled here.
Conquistadores – 16th century, Spanish conquerors flooded the Americas in search of riches, and conquered ancient civilizations such as the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayans.
When, Columbus set foot on America he initiated a biological, ecological, and economic exchange. Exchanges of slaves, animals, technology, plants, animals, diseases transformed European and Native American ways of life. The plants that were exchanged in the Columbian Exchange changed both the culture and the economy of the Old and New Worlds. There were many new plants discovered in the Americas which included maize, chili peppers, peanuts, tomatoes, avocado, sweet potatoes, pineapple, and cacao, but the two main plants were the maize and potato. New farming equipment like the plow was also introduced to the new cultivate more land. Although some farming equipment were discovers slaves were still used to harvest sugar canes, field tobacco,
Throughout the course of history there have been numerous accounts regarding Native American and European interaction. From first contact to Indian removal, the interaction was somewhat of a roller coaster ride, leading from times of peace to mini wars and rebellions staged by the Native American tribes. The first part of this essay will briefly discuss the pre-Columbian Indian civilizations in North America and provide simple awareness of their cultures, while the second part of this essay will explore all major Native American contact leading up to, and through, the American Revolution while emphasizing the impact of Spanish, French, and English explorers and colonies on Native American culture and vice versa. The third, and final, part of this essay will explore Native American interaction after the American Revolution with emphasis on westward expansion and the Jacksonian Era leading into Indian removal. Furthermore, this essay will attempt to provide insight into aspects of Native American/European interaction that are often ignored such as: gender relations between European men and Native American women, slavery and captivity of native peoples, trade between Native Americans and European colonists, and the effects of religion on Native American tribes.
-The Indian Tribes like the Aztecs and the Incas were very infamous for working the fields, like taking care of corn and crops, which later reached the Southwest first and later on North America. This led to the cultivation of beans and maize in the southwest which inevitably started farming in America.
There they started the increase of exchanges between different cultures and people, some being beneficial and some not so much. While exchange was a huge increase, so was diseases. European diseases were coming to the New World and exposing Native Americans to measles, influenza, and most importantly smallpox. When Columbus departed the New World, he brought back some new agriculture from the Europeans. These new agricultural products were tomatoes, potatoes, beans, and peppers.
"The Colonization of North America." In Modern History Sourcebook. April 1999- [cited 17 September 2002] Available from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall.mod/modsbook.html., http://curry.eduschool.virginia.edu.
The Columbian Exchange was perhaps one of the first environmentally detrimental event in American history. This exchange refers to the trade of food, goods, and disease between the Old World, referring to the eastern hemisphere, and the New World, referring to the Americas. The New World had many things to contribute such as potatoes, maize, tomatoes, and chili peppers, which shaped the culinary of both Europe and Asia (Nun 163). Additionally, Europe introduced domesticated animals such as horses, cattle, cats, and dogs to the Americas.
The development of agriculture by Native Americans more than five thousand years ago sparked new cultures and innovations. Hunters who previously roamed the land like nomads established permanent villages. Corn, sun, and water became focal points for many societies and played
The long history between Native American and Europeans are a strained and bloody one. For the time of Columbus’s subsequent visits to the new world, native culture has
During the sixteenth century European pilgrims migrated across the Atlantic Ocean to settle in North America. North America had just been introduced to the Western Civilization. The America’s were home to the indigenous people, that were made up of several tribes that were called Indians by the early settlers. Together the Indians and settlers began to thrive. Growth and development in the new world was made possible by the abundant amount of natural resources.