Confidence And Conformity On Memory

All questions on the examination will come from the lectures (Topics I – X) and the assigned chapters and parts of chapters in the textbook. To help frame the questions for you, they will be organized under the same main headings and subheadings used in the Lecture Notes. The only exceptions will be a few subheadings that pertain to material covered only in the text. Under each heading will be a mix of true-false and multiple-choice questions, and possibly a few analogies, with all answers to be recorded on a scantron sheet. Along with

Martin Luther's Letter from Birmingham Jail is a response to the article written and signed by members of the clergy of Alabama. The article, A Call for Unity, communicates to the general public the fact that the government in Alabama is aware of the growing racial tension and unfairness that is present in the state and are working to address this issue in the courts. The clergymen continue to express their distaste for the demonstrations that have been led by Mr.King and his followers and explain that until the law can address the problem the laws and orders should be maintained. The authors also commend

On February 22, 2018, I participated in Experiment #61 as described on the Davidson College Psychology Research Participation website. The purpose of the experiment was to test one’s memory on certain pictures and assess one’s accuracy on how well they could remember a given picture. Then, the subject would have to listen to a foreign speaker and decide whether or not the foreign voice was very angry to very happy on scale of 1 to 7.

This article explains the importance of getting the perfect amount of sleep at night. The idea that sleeping for less than five hours or more than nine hours proves to have a negative effect on the human body. Sleep deprivation has a closely related link to memory retention and can cause a person to have trouble with daily task. The author continues to explain that not only is the brain effected by too little or too much sleep, but the rest of the body is also effected. Conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and even depression have links to not getting the perfect amount of sleep. The article concludes with listing tips to get the ideal amount of sleep at night, such as, going to sleep and waking up at the same time every day and limiting the amount of caffeine that is consumed throughout the day.

After World War II, Kurt Lewin became interested in the topic of conformity. Due to his research, many other social psychologists such as: Milgram, Asch, Darley, and Latané began to conduct research on conformity. Based on a study conducted by Stanley Milgram, an observational study was conducted at Elizabethtown College in order to replicate the findings of Milgram’s experiment.

The study consisted of fifty, female, undergraduate college students. The ethnicities that were use for this study were African American, European, Asian, Hispanic, biracial, and a very slight percentage was categorized as other. The experiment would begin at 5:00pm everyday, for four weeks. One of the three groups was administered each day. The three groups were either peppermint, expectation, or control. Each participant was seated down, given an instruction sheet, a laptop, and was not able to see the other participants from their view.

This study used pictures to test the memories of the test groups. There were twelve pictures in each group with the eleventh picture varied between different

My thesis is titled "Online Dating and The Function of Anticipating Comparisons Between Self-presentation Report Veridicality and Potential Face-to-Face Interaction on Impression Management". I ran a t-test to compare height, weight, and BMIs between the control group (wherein participants were not told the procedure of information verification) and experimental group (wherein participants were conscious of information verification at the beginning of the experiment).

They were divided in groups of three (Mori & Mori, 2008). In addition, the groups were male only and female only consisting of 10 males and 16 females. A simulated crime event was presented in front of the participants in a form of a video. The scene portrayed in the video as follows: A car stops near a walking female and the driver steps out of the car and asks her for direction. She leaves her purse unattended next to her while she gives the driver direction. While she is distracted, a passenger leaves the car and steals something from her purse. The driver then departs the scene and the women does not suspect anything. There were two versions of the same video that were shown to the participants. First version showed that the color of the car was dark, the driver was wearing a parka with stripes, and the pedestrian was walking up towards the viewer (Mori & Mori, 2008). The second version showed that the color of the car was white, the driver was wearing a white shirt and the pedestrian was walking down away from the viewer (Mori & Mori, 2008). Participants filled out a sheet that contained cued recalls after watching the video that listed 25 questions. All three of the groups were encouraged to talk amongst themselves for 5 minutes (Mori & Mori, 2008). Participants were asked to make an overall report of their

A number of studies have proved that the action of an individual can influence an observer in terms of decision making (Cole, Wright, Doneva & Skarratt, 2015) and inhibition of return (Skarratt, Cole and Kingstone, 2010). An experiment has been conducted in the standard social inhibition of return (SIOR) paradigm and recognition memory test (RMT) to see whether SIOR can influence humans to retrieves their memories. There were studying phase and testing phase in this experiment. In the studying phase, two participants were sat opposite to each other and remembered a word list of 52 words. In the testing phase, they were asked to press one of the two words on the screen. There were actually two conditions. In one of the conditions, one word is

An experimenter held up one of the cards and the subjects had to match on of the lines with the single line. For the first two cards, the seven matched the two pairs on lines correctly. The eighth subject answered correctly as well. On the third pair of cards, the seven subjects answered wrong to see if the eighth subject would conform or answer correctly. Asch found out that 75% of the subjects conformed at least once in the trials, but not one person conformed every time. The other 25% did not conform with any of the groups decisions. Some of the experiments had the subjects write down their answer so the line lengths could be accurately judged. In these experiments, 98% of the real subjects answered correctly. Asch found out many things from the experiment. Some of the findings are social support, attraction and commitment to the group, size of the group, and sex. Asch did the same experiment with a slight variation. He changed the answers of the seven subjects so that one of them always gave the right answer. This comforted the real subject and only 5% of the subjects agreed with the group answer. This social support experiment showed that if one person gives the same answer then a person feels more comfortable. Also, other experiments showed that the more attracted and committed

Psychologists Craig Stark and Yoko Okado from Johns Hopkins University devised a study where participants viewed 50 photos. Shortly afterwards they were shown the pictures again, with slight changes. A couple of days later, the subjects were tested in their memory of the photographs. Some participants recounted information true to the first set of photos, representing true memory, while some recounted information true to the second set, representing false memory. When shown the second set of information, some participants unconsciously came to the belief that the particular information shown was the correct information, an example of memory distortion. “These distortions are showing us that our brain may only store fragmented, compressed bits of information,” Stark says. “Of course, once you’ve reconstructed it incorrectly once, you’re probably going to do it

Each experiment had the same procedure among different participant groups. The participants in the first experiment was thirty-one undergraduate or graduate student from the University of Cambridge. For the second experiment, fifty-nine people were recruited by community advertisement. And in the last experiment, twenty-seven survivors from fatal motor vehicle accidents, who developed PTSD (PTSD+) or never suffered from PTSD (PTSD-), were recruited through newspaper advertisements and from local clinics. In each trail of the experiment, the participants need to complete a storage task, which required them to remember 4 to 7 words, and an operation task, which asked them to count the number of a specific shape before and after the present of words. The words and shapes was shown over a neutral or negative background. In each trail, the participants need to complete the task 6 times. In each task, over a background image, four shapes popped up with 250ms each, and a word would appear for 350ms, and the other three shapes would show up with 250ms each. After that, the background image disappeared and the participants need to answer a question about the number of a specific shape they saw. After repeat this for 7 times, the participants were asked to write down all the words they saw in the order they presented. The percentage they correctly recalled was recorded. In each experiment, the independent variables were the negative background

Salvador Dali’s 1931 painting The Persistence of Memory is a hallmark of the surrealist movement. Dali famously described his paintings as “hand-painted dream photographs” and The Persistence of Memory is a prime example of that description. The Persistence of Memory depicts striking and confusing images of melting pocket watches and a mysterious fetus-like structure all sprawled over the dreamscape representation of Dali’s home of Port Lligat, Spain. Dali uses strange images, color, and shadows in The Persistence of Memory to convey an abstract view on dreams, time, and reality.

Two prominent researchers, B.F. Skinner and Albert Bandura, have developed theories which provide differing perspectives and explanations regarding the learning behavior of individuals. The purpose of this writing is to explore the theoretical perspectives of Operant Conditioning Theory developed by B.F. Skinner and Social Learning Theory developed by Albert Bandura. An overview of both theories is presented, followed by a discussion of their similarities and differences.