Conceptual Framework and Accounting Theory Word account: 2138 Table of content Executive summary………………………………………………………1 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………2 2. Main body……………………………………………………………...3 2.1 The framework of accounting………………………………………………...3 2.1.1 Theoretical level………………………………………………………...4 2.1.2 Fundamental conceptual level…………………………………………..4 2.1.3 Operational levels……………………………………………………….5 2.2 Theory of accounting………………………………………………………….6 2.2.1 Pragmatic accounting……………………………………………………7 2.2.1.1 Descriptive pragmatic approach………………………………..7 2.2.1.2 Psychological pragmatic approach……………………………..7 2.2.2 Normatiive …show more content…
However, “the framework is not itself an accounting standard, the purpose of the framework is to support the standard”, Clare, R. et al said in the International Financial Reporting (Clare, R. et al, 2005). There are seven levels of the conceptual framework. However, they are devided into three main levels. 2.1.1 Theoretical level This is the highest level. It gives the scope and objective of financial reporting. It includes the definition of financial reporting, which states the overview of accounting standards, subjective which required to publish the reporting entity in accordance with accounting standards and objective which states the general purpose of financial report. Helping people to make decisions is the objective of financial statement as set out in the Framework (Ruth, P., 2006). The Framework and SAC2 describe that the objective of financial statement is to give information about the financial position, performance and changes in the financial position of an entity that is helpful to improve a wider range of users in making decisions (Picker, R., 2006). 2.1.2 Fundamental conceptual level This level contains two parts, the qualitative characteristics of financial information and basic elements of accounting. There are four principal qualitative
Financial statement measures the financial performance, liquidity and strength of the firm, it is important
what techniques used in world war II propaganda? well first we need to establish what is a propaganda? a Propaganda is information provided to promote a specific cause. that can be done in many ways. The information can be completely true or it can be an embellishment. Creators of propaganda tend to select information carefully, avoiding anything that does not promote their cause. propaganda was used to increase support for the war and commitment to an Allied victory.
In “The Complexities and Processes of Racial Housing discrimination” by Vincent J. Roscigno, Diana L. Karafin, and Griff tester, the main concept of racial disparity and inequality among neighborhoods is discussed, and how those inequalities became to be. They first highlight the wide range of potentially exclusionary practices, through qualitative and quantitative data comprised of over 750 verified housing discrimination cases (Roscigno, p. 162). Citing the U.S. Census, it is found that Blacks, compared to Hispanics and Asians, continue to experience high levels of residential segregation. This is done through discriminatory practices, whether they be by exclusionary or non-exclusionary methods. Even after the passing of the Fair Housing Act in 1988, discrimination against Blacks and Hispanics decreased somewhat, though African Americans still appeared to take part in racial steering, and Hispanics continued to have limitations in regards to opportunities and access to rental units (Roscigno, p. 163).
Furthermore, the financial statements provide the basis for measurement that is generally acceptable by the different users. This means objectivity is important when preparing the financial statements because all transactions are based upon a factual occurrence.
The objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial strength, performance and changes in financial position of an enterprise that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions ("The Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements").
I believe nurses learn both my observation and experience. As a preceptor, I do not throw a nurse to the sharks. If the nurse has never done something before, I let the new nurse observe me and explain each step as I do it. The next time a similar situation appears, I ask the new nurse to do it his/herself. If I see a variation in how I did the same task and it does not harm the patient; I feel the nurse has established their own way of doing things and is feeling more comfortable in that particular task. If the situation presents itself, I ask the new nurse to teach another nurse how to perform the task. I also explain to my nurses that the textbook shows you the perfect world, but in real life we never get quite that scenario. I explain we have to alter our actions to perform interventions and do what is best for the patient. An example, I often share, is that in an ideal world, when inserting a tracheostomy tube, we have a prepped sterile field. However, there are times the airway is needed in such a hurry; we have to think about providing an airway first and dealing with the infection later.
This essay will begin to look at the main financial statements used by decision makers in businesses today. This essay will go into detail about the income statement and statement of financial position and whether these two statements provide decision makers with their financial information adequately. This essay will also include the various advantages and disadvantages of each financial statement as well as describing whom the decision makers are and why financial statements are important to them. A conclusion will be present at the end of this essay to demonstrate an overall view of whether financial statements are beneficial to decision makers.
Financial information is playing a crucial role in a business to help the owner make correct decision, this is because as the financial statement, it is ‘a collection of reports about an organization 's financial results, financial condition, and cash flows’ (AccountingTools, ND). Decision making is one of the most vital factors that will affect business to move forward, if the financial information inaccurate, the decision will be inappropriate, such as price setting, and then the business will loss the chance to maximize their profit what is the main objective in a business. Therefore, having accurate financial information is the heart of the business management it can help with decision making process in many ways.
Because financial statements are accounting reports, one of their purposes is to communicate financial information about a business entity to investors and other interested parties. Financial statements provide information on the business' financial position or status as well as financial changes during a period of time. They communicate to investors information about financial decisions that have been made (Woelfel, n.d.).
The answer to the question about the nature and the function of the company financial report has been attempted to be answered over the years. According to Alexander (2011), the conceptual framework for financial reporting (Conceptual framework) is defined as a scheme of systematic thinking which provide not only the definition but also the solution to accounting issues. Meanwhile, it is seen as a tool of help standard setter (IASB) to develop and revise reporting standards. It is a reference to prevent standard setter from confusion like fire fighting while they face accounting questions, for example if some item can be defined as asset. In fact, the status of the conceptual framework is higher than the specific standard and more precisely, it is seen as a guidance for
Income statements are an important element crucial to the financial records of any company. Any profit making organization is expected to have records containing its income statements. Income statements are normally recorded annually at the end of a specific financial period. The major purpose of an income statement is to show stakeholders of the company such as managers and investors whether the company made a profits or losses in the period being reported. This performance analysis provided by the income statements can help managers come up with strategies to improve on profitability and growth of the company (Alexander and Jorissen 2005).
There is dominant need to investigate the theories related to accounting in reality. A theory according to Banerjee (2010), is a validated proposition which has been tested for its conformity with reality. Consequently, it can be considered that; theory is a system which includes both variables and concepts. Where for relationship among concepts, proposition are used and for relationship among variables hypothesis are developed (Bacharach, 1989).
Financial statements are key aspects of business operations. In fact, it is the financial statement that provides management with the information needed to make sound business decisions. Other stakeholders, like investors and creditors, use financial statements to make decisions about whether or not to invest in, loan money to, or do business with a company (Jesswein, 2013). The importance of a financial statement is dictated by the need for certain information, i.e., the overall health of a business, the creditworthiness of a business, and/or the ability of a business to make money (Jesswein, 2013). Financial statements are comprised of income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements (Melicher & Norton, 2014).
Financial statements provide a view on the company’s financial changes within a specific reporting period and confirm its overall state. They give information such that they provide shareholders with a picture of how well the company is doing. These enable them to evaluate a stock’s worth and aid them in making stock-related decisions such as buying/selling/retaining which provide them further on the status of their return on investment. Additionally, they reflect how the shareholders’ money are invested, its outcome and effect to the company.
Conceptual Framework helps the International Accounting Standards Board to develop criterion that are depend on consistent concepts. It helps prepares to