4.
Two species were driven to extinction. The first one was in scenario 5. Species 1 was driven to extinction due to its high α value. It hit a population of zero (0.42) at time 36. I chose this because this is the first time the value cannot be rounded up to 1.0.
In Scenario 6, species 2 was driven to extinction due to its lower intrinsic rate of growth, r. It hit a population of zero (0.47) much later, at time 113.
5.
If resources are limiting, one species, with an advantage, will drive the other to extinction. The competitive exclusion principle refers to the idea that complete competitors cannot coexist. In an environment where resources are constant and limiting, one species will always have some sort of advantage for competing for these resources. For the other species, the only way out of the situation is to become extinct, or move to another niche. Gause experimented with this theory with two species of Paramecium, where he kept them competing under constant conditions. One species would always outcompete the other. The only way for the other to outcompete the first is if the resources were manipulated.
6.
There is some debate as to who developed the idea of competitive exclusion (Tyus 2011). Gause, may have been the first to show experimentally that the principle was true, at least in the lab. Hutchinson, Grinnell, and
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From the beginning of life, there have been uncountable numbers of living organisms and species across the planet. But what forces are at play to create such diversity. Surely, competition for resources drives evolution, but there are many styles of obtaining these resources and avoiding dangers. Interspecific competition comes from two species competing for the same resource. Over time, these forces push species to obtain these resources differently. This could be from changing the time or location of getting this resource, to adapting different functions or
Extinction: Most species become extinct because they can’t cope with the environmental change, and also because of introduced species that turned into competitors for
Different characteristics of species allows for the types of niches that can be occupied and whether or not they can be coexisted for example a food specialist will have anatomical and physiological adaptations that allow it to acquire and extract energy and nutrients from one food source extremely well, but will be at a disadvantage if that food source runs low. A food generalist may not acquire as much energy from the specialist’s preferred food, but will be able to make up for that by consuming other kinds of food. We can easily envision circumstances in which either species might outcompete the other. To achieve coexistence of species the carrying capacities of certain species must not be overshot and remain
QUESTION 6 (6 points): Explain the Exclusionary Rule: How and why was it created? What was its development? When and how does a defendant invoke it? Exclusionary rule is in place to protect anyone that has been the victim unreasonable search and seizure. The exclusionary rule states that any evidence collected or obtain during an unreasonable search and seizure can not be used against a defendant in order to convict said defendant. The exclusionary rule took affect in federal case only in 1914 in the case of Weeks v. United States but there was one main clause; if evidence was collected illegally by state and local officer’s and then handed over to federal officer’s can be used. This clause is known as the silver platter doctrine. It wasn’t
The last mechanism of extinction is habitat fragmentation. This is the process by which habitat loss results in the division of large, continuous habitats into smaller, more isolated remnants. A perfect example of this is the Sumatran Rhino that was such a big population that was considered a pest until their habitat was fragmented. This decreased their population and when put in captive breeding they decreased even
6. Some Caminalcules went extinct without leaving descendents. In the real world, what characteristic of a species (not of their enivornment) might increase the probability of a species going extinct?
Evolution of the Rabbit Population with Default Predation and an Initial Decrease in the Grass Rate
Joe, great job in describing the Mapp v. Ohio case where the exclusionary rule came into play. If you have been in law enforcement long enough and have made cases, particularly involving drugs and DUI’s, the chances that one of your cases involving the exclusionary rule are likely. I absolutely believe in the exclusionary rule because it protects a person from illegal searches and seizures. All of the cases that the defense tried to use the exclusionary rule against me was just an attempt to get their client’s charges dismissed because that was their only chance to have their client exonerated. I have witnessed several interdiction stops that led to large money and drug seizures be dismissed because the judge ruled that the stop was illegal.
I don’t think that I would be willing to overturn the Mapp v. Ohio if I was appointed to be in the Supreme Court by the president. Mapp v. Ohio was a Supreme Court Case that was a critical moment in our nation's history. It changed our the Criminal Justice System, and provided us the exclusionary rule, which changed the way a criminal going through prosecution is performed. One of many important rulings that was adopted by the courts that prevented police officers from conducting illegal search and seizure was the exclusionary rule. Until this decision, the rights against illegal search and seizure had no method to be enforced on officers. Before Mapp v. Ohio, previous cases provided little or no protection from illegal searches and seizures
This essay will discuss the definition of the exclusionary rule and its purpose. Also, the amendment that is most closely associated will be discussed along with the common expectations of the exclusionary rule.
The Exclusionary Rule is defined as using evidence gathered which is in violation of the Constitution. Usually evidence is gathered illegally through seizure and which violates the Fourth Amendment. One of the key cases for this would be the Mapp V Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 1961 (Law, "Exclusionary Rule"). This case is landmark case for the exclusionary rule being used. Moreover, as for evidence being excluded from a trial I think that there are necessary measures as to what should be used and what shouldn’t be used in a case. If we determine good faith effort on the officer’s end we would be able to have the evidence obtained legally and have it be used as evidence and not have it dismissed. It is said that once any evidence is obtained during an
Politics is an inherent concept directly paralleled throughout Millers ‘The Crucible’. There is no one solidified definition of politics, it is viewed in a multitude of ways; as an activity in which people make, preserve and amend rule, as power and the distribution of resources, as a cooperative process and as the art of government. Power, vulnerability, manipulation and the idea of facades are all explored within ‘The Crucible’ and work to represent the differing facets of politics. These ideas are represented and symbolised through the use of characters, objects, dramatic techniques and stage directions. Power is essentially the driving force behind politics and within ‘The Crucible’ it is undeniably the one thing that consumes individuals.
If I was a legal scholar that means I would be versed and skill in law with earned respect and recognition of my writing concerning legal topics. My thoughts on the exclusionary rule being constitutional right, the “fruit of the poisonous tree” also known as Miranda warnings are alive and well. Citizens have their rights to refuse to speak with police officers if they do not have a valid warrant. Police cannot use unlawfully attained evidence with an invalid warrant. There are good cops and bad cops, and the exclusionary rule is the best rule established to make cops be honest or to penalize them. This rule is an appropriate rule for police misconduct.
If you hit a pedestrian while driving your car, you may think you will be held accountable for the accident. To be sure, it is often the fault of the driver, but this is not always the case. The following are four notable reasons that the pedestrian may be at fault.
Many species vital to ensuring that today’s environment will thrive are becoming extinct. If a species is slowly dwindling, and in imminent danger of becoming nonexistent, this species is considered to be endangered. “One in four mammals, one in eight birds, one third of all amphibians and 70% of the world’s assessed plants on the… IUCN Red List are in jeopardy” (IUCN, 2016). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, or IUCN, upwards of 16,000 species are threatened with extinction, including both plants and animals (IUCN, 2016). Before becoming endangered, a species will show warning signs, either by starting to lose biological diversity or by losing the habitats for that species to flourish in, or in the worst case, both. The word endangered can sometimes be confused with threatened, extirpated, or extinct. Extirpated refers to the state of a species where its population has died out in a certain area or range, but other populations of said species still exist elsewhere (Olden, Julian D., 2008). When a species is considered threatened, or vulnerable, this refers to the state of the species being susceptible to endangerment and extinction (“Extinction crisis escalates”). So if a species is threatened, the first signs of endangerment come along, which are similar signs to that of a species in danger of becoming threatened, including lack of genetic diversity, or overhunting may be evident. (“Extinction crisis escalates”). When a species is labelled
Coming from a fairly wealthy city with whites, blacks, and everything in between, I have seen my fair share of racism. We all live in a world full of color, yet not everyone believes we should live as equals, but instead, on separate “levels”. Racism is anti-humanism, this I believe.