• Chinese believed that everything is balanced by an opposite (yin and yang)
• Believed in the harmony of oneself (the philosophy is called Dao)
• Dynasty- a family of kings
• Patterns in Chinese dynasties o Tax revenues declined and dynasties would grow weaker o They would also get invaded o Once the dynasty declined a new dynasty emerged and the cycle started again
• Zhou Dynasty (1029-258 B.C.E.) o Governed through alliances with noble families and regional princes instead of a power government o Rulers gave land to their families and other supporters o The land owners were then supposed to provide tax revenues and troops o Failed after the supporters solidified their own power base and disregarded the central government
• Contributions
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Caused peasants to revolt
Led to the establishment of the third dynasty, Han (202 B.C.E.)
• Han Dynasty lasted 400 yrs. o Had similar administration as the one in Qin Dynasty except they wanted to reduce the brutal repression o Extended China to Korea, Indochina, central Asia
Location helped them to be in contact with India and the Parthian Empire (Mediterranean) o Ruler Wu Ti (140-87 B.C.E.) made peace throughout Asia (helped China prosper) o Reversed the policies of the Qin Dynasty and instead supported Confucianism o After 2 centuries the dynasty began to decline
Central control weakened
Attacks from central Asia by the Huns o China was in a state of chaos between 220 and 589 B.C.E.
• Political Institutions o Qin Dynasty- stressed authority o Han Dynasty- expanded the powers of the bureaucracy o China relied on patriarchal families
Believed in the worship of ancestors o Areas were ruled by village leaders where there wasn’t a strong belief in worshiping
The earliest Emperor of the Qin dynasty was Qin Shi Huang, who was born in 259BCE and ultimately came into power at the age of 21. Despite accomplishing many significant achievements, he attained this in a brutal and callous way. Arguments that will be clearly discussed and explained in this assignment to emphasize the negative aspects of Qin Shi Huang are: the severe punishments he enforced for criminals, his fierce and deceitful war strategies and the prohibiting and burning of Confucius teachings.
The Han and the Yuan Dynasties share some similarities, but also some differences. First I will be talking about the similarities that both Dynasties shared. First the Han dynasty shared some native trait while the Yuan Dynasty had foreign traits. The Han Dynasty lasted over 100 years and had numerous leaders to lead. On the other Hand the Yuan dynasty only lasted a generation and then started to wear out over the years. Han being a new culture created a new philosophy for a new dynasty starting out was big. Usually dynasties just passed down traditions and they followed it, but for the Han that wasn't the case. The yuan dynasty did follow the traditions and they picked up cultures traits from chinese tribes. They shared laws, Gods,
The Qin and Han dynasties changed many things regarding how China was governed. Like when Qin Shi Huang standardized the units of measurement, currency, and the width of roads to ease trade within his country, strengthening the unity between areas. Another change is the Han dynasty’s usage of education. They let all boys receive an education to a certain extent, however, if they wanted to further their education more they would have to travel to the capital. One of the several changes Qin Shi Huang changed how dictators controlled China in many ways how he distributed his land and power. Many of the changes he implemented were used by Chinese rulers for over 2000 years, these changes created a lasting effect on how China was ruled. The Qin
These two civilizations had a lot to differ, however they both shared some similarities as well. Socially, the Han Dynasty had dealt with the most cultural assimilation. These people diffused their culture into the neighbouring countries surrounding China. As the Chinese state itself grew into a bigger empire, the countries surrounding it would eventually get assimilated into the growing culture. The Mauryan Empire was somewhat similar. This Empire specialized in cultural diversity, where many people who migrated from Central Asia and became a part of their distinct culture. Politically, these two civilizations were both somewhat similar and different. These two civilizations would have different kinds of authority. In the Han Dynasty, these people had an emperor which had all the authority over China. However the Mauryan Empire had ministers and spies to assist the ruler in governing his people. Economically, these two civilizations shared their most similarities. The Han Dynasty and the Mauryan Empire both
With China united, Qin became the first emperor of United China (China) and created the Qin dynasty, surpassing the long-lasting and powerful Zhou dynasty. He then established his own form of government. He removed Feudalism, where the people had to listen to the nobles. Instead, he split his empire into 36 provinces, each one having two government officials
Following the collapse of the Han Dynasty in 220, China declined into an elongated term of division. China was divided and in a time of war, with a lack of leadership. It was only in the Sui Dynasty (589-618) reunited North and South China as one. The Tang (618-906) and Song (960 - 1279) Dynasties that followed created the “Golden Ages of China”. Although the Tang and Song Dynasties existed in a similar time and had a similar economy, there are also many differences between the influential dynasties such as certain aspects of their society and politics.
One way China still governs in a similar way to Qin Shi Huangdi is that the Chinese government hopes to strengthen itself by drawing the attention of citizens towards itself. In the past five years, China's Propaganda Department has taken away the freedom of speech from both newspapers and TV programs.
In the Dynastic Cycle, the Song and Ming Dynasties of Ancient China demonstrated/displayed similar Periods of Decline. To begin, both dynasties were meeting the common good which helped them gain the mandate of heaven, but it didn’t last forever. Over time both dynasties started to ignore the needs of poor. For this reason, the community didn’t have public services provided by the government or the things they needed. For example, public transportation or water fountains are supposed to be provided by the government. In fact, they weren’t. Transportation is important because people need it to get to one place to another. In other words from their home to work and back of course. Also, water fountains provide people with an important
There are a lot of differences between The classical empires and the post classical Empires; more specific The differences between the Han and Tang dynasties in China. Some examples of the changes would be the practicing of foot binding or Neo-confucianism in the tang dynasty. The Han dynasty and the Tang dynasty had differences in their social and political systems. Both of with affected the dynasties in the way the rose to power and the way they fell.
Even though the Qin dynasty was seen as barbaric and brutal, the Han did implement some of the old Qin institutions into their new government. One of these institutions were the Commanderies. These were administrative divisions of land in which a governor would be appointed by the government and run it as the government or emperor wants it to be ran. This is institution is very useful for knowing how many people you have. When war comes and you need to draft able bodied men to go fight, you will know just how many you will be able to get. Another reason would be for tax purposes. It is also very useful to regulate the trade and growing of certain crops. Even more in depth than that the government can control what the children in the commanderies are taught and what propaganda they are seeing. Qin law is another thing that the Han used from the former dynasty. One example of this practice was the fact that women could bring up cases against men even though the women did not have the same rights as men. Punishments were also
Within the years of 221-206 BCE, the Qin Dynasty rose as a superpower. During this time period, the Warring States Era, Chinese civilization was impacted tremendously in almost every aspect. These hallmarks in history vary from the spreading of Legalism to the birth of the Great Wall of China. Through these countless contributions, the Qin Dynasty was able to revolutionize the Chinese civilization in such a short period of time.
Basically, the Qin state assumed control of the north and northwest states and they began to rule from there and they gradually brought the other states under their control. They adopted the philosophy of Legalism back then which was in favor of a centrally governed state.
Before the Qin Dynasty, China was composed of a network of city states that were loyal to the Chinese king. The seven Warring States had their own institutions that were run by aristocrats. The Qin Dynasty took initiative to expand their territory and to unite the Chinese empire together. Through their ruthless military techniques the Qin Dynasty was able to conquer the city states in China. The Qin Dynasty ruled from 221 BCE – 206 BCE; during their regime, Emperor Qin’s primary goal was to unify the Chinese people. Even though the Qin Dynasty was a short-lived empire, it played a major role in unifying the Chinese empire and provided a foundation for succeeding regimes through a centralized government, standardized systems, and through infrastructure.
He also reduced taxes on the peasants and encouraged farming to ensure plentiful supplies of food.
The Han dynasty achieved a significant amount during its era of 206 BC to 220 AD. The Han was the largest empire to date when the borders were expanded to Vietnam and North Korea. Because the Han dynasty lasted for 400 years, it went through 26 emperors. One of them being Emperor Wu who created trade routes, which established the Silk Road. The road allowed for China and India to trade and it later expanded when Emperor Wu established foreign trade routes with other countries. Emperor Wu and the Han Dynasty established the Silk Roads, the invention of paper and gunpowder, religion, improvement of technology, and their military.