Compare And Contrast Primate

According to the data collected, the Intermembral index for each of the six primates observed from highest to lowest is: Gibbon (127), Howler monkey (102), Baboon (94), Macaque (89), Marmoset (74), Human (69). From this grouping, the Gibbon is the primate whose IM at 127 is the highest percentage, and this indicates that their upper limbs are significantly longer than their lower limbs. In contrast, the Human, with an IM of only 69 serves as the lowest percentage of the examples given, and this instead serves to demonstrate that their upper limbs are shorter than their lower limbs. This difference in limb length between the Gibbon and the Human is significant because it helps to show how species are adapted to best fit the environments

Based on Chapter ten from the textbook, there are seven distinct differences of a bipedal hominin like us humans, and a quadrupedal pongid, such as a gorilla (Larsen, 2014). One of the seven steps include the length of the leg, shown in humans to be long which gives us proficiency when striding or running unlike apes that have long arms for climbing on trees. A second step is the opposable big toe found only in apes that give them the capability to take hold of objects and walk. A third step of the seven is the position of the foramen magnum, which in humans is on the bottom of the skull while in apes it is in a posterior position. Overall, the difference is found in that the human head rests on top of the body while the ape head sits in the front. Lastly, a fourth step is the shape of the spine. Humans have an S-shape and apes have an almost C-shaped. Humans have numerous curves to assist in maintaining balance when standing up.

which was the longest jaw out of all species compared in this experiment. The coyote had a jaw length of 5.507cm while the human had a jaw length of 2.932 cm. Premolar one of the deer was most similar to the coyote. Premolar’s 1, 2, and 3 were in proportion between the human and deer. The relative tooth width of the deer was very close in range while the coyote was not. By looking at Figure 3, this can be determined. The human has the highest relative tooth width out of the three species being

In this project, we investigated the tooth shape of several, common primates (Gorillas, Macaques, Baboons, etc.), fossil hominins (Australopithecus africanus, Homo

The most distinct of H. neanderthalensis is its unique cranial features. These features comprise of a large middle part of the face where their skull was more long and flat but had more of a protruding brow ridge. They also had slanting cheek bones and a large nose which is said to be for humidifying and warming cold, dry air. Their jaw and teeth are larger and have a hole called the retro molar space (behind wisdom teeth at the back of the

Modern non-human anthropoids consist of New and Old World monkeys and the great and lesser apes that inhabit a range of environments throughout North and South America, Africa, and Euroasia. At least 90% of the anthropoid population consists of monkeys. There are two distinct Parvorders of anthropoids that have been evolving independent of each other for at least 30,000,000 years: the Platyrrhine and the Catarrhine. These two diverse groups of species can be distinguished from each other most easily based on the form of their noses and by the number of specific types of teeth. Today, Old World monkey habitats range from tropical jungles to semiarid deserts and seasonally snow-covered areas throughout Africa and South-East Asia. In comparison,

The teeth of a gorilla have high crests that are used to help break down leaves that make up a large proportion of their diet. This species has relatively long forelimbs and short hindlimbs. The gorillas have a short trunk and wide pelvis. Individual gorillas can be distinguished from the nose; each gorilla has a unique nose pattern, like the human fingerprint.

Some other primate attributes consist of: bearing just one offspring per conception, claws developed into leveled fingernails; as well as bigger brain/body ratio compared to some other mammals, and also likelihood to keep body erect.

Gorillas are the largest group of primates and although they are known as being bipedal, similar to humans and other primates, they often use knuckle walking to move around. On observation, they have seems to have a more robust front appearance than their hind legs and behind. Their cranium is taller than other primates and lower mandible more protruding than their snout. They also have human-like ears that are parallel to their eyes and are small in size. They have

We also had to decide why that part of the skull evolved the way it had and the function of it. Our independent variable was the ratio between molar width and skull width. Our dependent variable was the width between the molars. We replicated it three times with each of the four species; three different skulls of the same species were measured and used in our calculations. The four carnivores we used were the Coyote, Fox, Mink, and Badger. The four herbivores we used were the Woodchuck, Beaver, Muskrat, and

There are many similarities and differences in primate species.The ones I chose to focus on today was the Philippine tarsier, Mandrill and the gibbon. What made me choose these non- human primates so interesting was the uniqueness and appearance of each primate. I plan to explain the similarities of their teeth structure and purposes and the similarities of their diet and feeding and also the differences of their behaviors.

Again, according to the Human Origins’ article the homo neanderthal lived approximately 400,000 to 40,000 years ago in “Europe and Southwestern to Central Asia”. Page 367 of the text describes their features as, “wide nasal apertures, a projecting face; an occipital bun; a long, low skull; large front teeth (some with heavy wear); a wide stocky body; and short limbs” (Larsen). Neanderthal’s teeth are some of the largest known to man, explained Larsen (371). Also, often times, they used their teeth as a means of carrying things, so their front teeth suffered a lot of wear and tear, and those details can be found on page 369 of the text.

The primates braincase is relatively larger and they have teeth for cutting to chew food. The primates also have eyes that are facing forward and smaller molars. On the other hands, Carnivores have teeth for catching prey. The carnivores generally have eyes on the sides of their heads and the ears positioned more forward facing than primates. They also more tent to have longer rostrums than primates.

Thus, I was able to observe some similarities among these species. The way the female chimp used tools, and her fingers to grab food, how she used to be on her feet, freeing her hands, groom her child, educate her offspring, sleep with him while snuggling, use a lot of face emotions to convey a message to an individual; she smiled at her baby, laughed when playing, and tickling him, remind me of human. She also has a flat pink face, hands’ palm, and feet sole as humans do. Furthermore, the gorilla was also really human when he protected his eyes from the intense sunrays, following the movement of the sun, and sat in the shade, mated with a female, scratched his head, and bottom, and put his finger in his nose. I think that these humans’ pattern appeared for similar reasons as in the Primates. For instance, when the gorilla scratches his bottom, it is because the area is itchy, and he wants to remove what is indisposing him. In addition, the mother chimp educates her kid to transmit knowledge throughout generation, which is the same for humans, who go to school.

Neanderthals have shovel shaped incisor. In the later genus, such as the Homo Habilis, skeletal structures also lack a diastema but in this group the premolars have decreased in size. With the introduction of tools and meat and a more advanced diet, the H. Erectus and Homo Sapien both share similar