Alongside with wind, waves are the most significant forces for sediment erosion and conveyance to the coastal zone. Wave carries a strong energy and series of current that able to transport the sediment along the shore. There are two type; longshore drift and cross-shore transport.
Besides wind and waves, tides are effective in beach morphodynamics. They control wave action,
By controlling energy arriving on the coast and drive groundwater fluctuation and tidal currents.
The interaction of groundwater with tides in the coastal forest environment is crucial in understanding why coastal forest clearance causes intensive coastal erosion in particular environments.
1. How has soil erosion from agricultural lands modified sediment transport, erosion, and deposition in rivers? When trees are cleared away for agricultural purposes, soil erosion increases drastically. Erosion increases due to the elimination of vegetation, so sediment transportation increases because less trees result in easier transportation of eroded soils, which in turn increases the deposition of sediments in rivers. Intensive use of agricultural areas is also a cause of erosion; it strips away the topsoil. We obviously must grow food, but we can be more responsible with the land we have to do so. Agricultural erosion can be reduced by practicing balanced rotations and establishing a solid vegetation cover. Taking these prevention steps
Any rainfall increases fluvial erosion. When rain does fall, this creates ephemeral streams causing water erosion due to fast forces of water. Flash floods are possible as well creating even more erosion.
The tiny pieces of rocks broken off by weathering are called sediment or alluvium. Erosion is the process of transportation of this sediment which on sea cliffs sediments becomes part of the seafloor and is washed away with the waves. The larger rocks that are broken off by sediment as shown in this picture are called scree or talus; scree builds up at the bottom of cliffs as the rocks tumble down, these piles are called scree slopes or talus piles.
Stormwater is water produced by rain or melting snow, which can rapidly flow over impervious surfaces into streams. Upland development magnifies the occurrence of stream bank erosion and in-stream nutrient pollution, which also have indirect negative effects. When stream bank erosion occurs, eroding sediment causes an increase in turbidity. Heavy stormwater flows into streams mixes the streambed sediment, which also increases turbidity, and ultimately causes declines in aquatic biota (Waters 1995). Therefore, negative externalities of upland development include
I examine how rising or falling tide can affect the water level of Corte Madera Salt Marsh in this report. The data is from Wednesday (June 19th) and Thursday (June 20th). My hypothesis is that tide and water level have positive relationship. From the result, I learn that the water level and tide have positive relationship. However, when tide changes its direction, the water level is likely to stay or little change.
tides. There are also many programs which help to ensure the stabilization of dunes, these include the planting of new vegetation to combat erosion, fencing and designated
Coastal erosion is the wearing away of land and the removal of beach or dune sediments by
Mangroves are halophyte plants that are physiologically amended to survive in habitat containing high concentration of salt in the soil water even though salt is not a physical requirement for growth; hence they are facultative halophytes (Dictionary, 2015). Mangroves at Nudgee Beach have developed three special mechanisms to manage the excess salt levels in their environment due to the disability of enzymes function at high salt concentration. Each species of mangroves are able to either: exclude (prevent salt entering), extrude (take salt out) or accumulate large amounts sodium chloride, enabling them to survive in their ecosystem (University of Sydney, 2015). Some species of mangrove have more than one of the above characteristics. The process
Thusly, chronic coastal erosion is beginning to become a huge problem along a majority of the U.S. coast, exclusively on Hawaiian Islands (Romine and Fletcher, 2013). “Kona” storms, with southerly winds and waves, can trigger momentary erosional events to south and west exposed beaches on the coast (Romine and Fletcher, 2013). Erosional events are undoubtedly proving to control most shoreline changes throughout the state Hawaii, let alone Kauai. Romine and Fletcher’s studies of historical shorelines on major Hawaiian Islands, including Kauai, have proven that shoreline changes on the islands are displaying a dominant trend of being caused by erosion (2013) on the leeward and windward sides of the
Permeable sands in the center of the Bayfield Peninsula to the northwest of the surface-water-contributing basin is responsible for the base flow in Whittlesey Creek. Based on simulations, model-wide changes in recharge caused a proportional change in simulated baseflow for Whittlesey Creek. About 2-11 percent of change in baseflow to Whittlesey Creek occurs by changing the simulated amount of recharge by 25 to 50 percent in only the ground-water contributing area. Flood peaks (based on daily mean flows on peak-flow days) could be affected due to simulated changes in land cover within the Whittlesey Creek. Surface water-contributing basin would have minimal effects on base flow and average annual runoff due to above changes. Reduction in flood peaks of about 12-14 percent is observed by changing the basin land cover to a reforested
Coastal Erosion is a natural process that takes place along the nation’s coast causing a loss of sediments in some places and deposits in others.3
This will start to happen all over the world. This also will affect animals and buildings on the shore. Another thing that can cause erosion are animals, gravity, and floods. Animals help destroy the dirt into smaller pieces making it easier for the wind to push it away. The gravity can pull rocks and dirt down a cliff or mountain. Floods come through the city or town and act like a huge tidal wave and push everything away.
Over the course of his life, John Wayne developed a powerful and one of a kind star persona. John Wayne's persona is highly tied to masculinity, which we see through many of his character roles in his Western films. John Wayne made many movies throughout his long, illustrious career but he is most well-known for his appearances in Stagecoach (1939), The Searchers (1956), Rio Bravo (1959), True Grit (1969) and many more. Throughout John Wayne's career, his persona shows us the nature of the world where men are forced to choose to be part of a family or to remain independent and keep their masculinity. Ultimately, his persona sends the message that men can be family
The Effects of Human Activity on Coastal Landforms Human activities add another layer of complexity to the natural processes of coastal lands and materials. These activities may have direct or indirect effects on our changing coastlines. They may effect sources of new sediment to the coast and the movement of sediment within the coastal environment. Sediment starvation caused by river and coastal management is one effect of human activities on the coast. For some coastal regions, such as the Pacific coast, a large part of their sediment is supplied by rivers.
“If a group of people one day wills to live---fate (God) must answer its call---And the night must fade---And the chain must break” (Abou El-Kacem Al-Chabbi). Playwriting is one of the most famous way to break the chain and express the write’s feelings. Many famous writers used playwriting as a way of sending a message to people, and one of those writers is Sa’dallah Wannous. Wannous is an author who wrote many plays that discuss the issues and the conflicts of the middle east. He expressed his anger and his sadness by using many different dramatic techniques, themes and figurative language in his plays. The most prominent plays that he wrote are, The Glass Café