Clostridium Botulism

The Human Body in Health and Illness, 4th Edition Answer Key - Study Guide Chapter 5: Microbiology Basics Part I: Mastering the Basics Matching—Germs, Worms, and Terms 1. G 2. I 3.

It started in central Asia, 1338 awakened by a drought, slowly makings its way to Europe. It finally hit Europe in 1345, 8 years later from the awakening, it first affected Crimea when a trade was being done with the merchant's Italian sailors and Mongolian's but it got out of hand until the point where the Italians were held up in a castle with nowhere to run for a year. The Mongolians soldier finally backed off but when their men starting dropping dead they had the idea to throw the infected dead bodies over the castle wall and into the castle, it was the first bioweapon created. Some of the Italian sailors managed to get away but they ended up carrying the mysterious death with going from town to town but no one would let them stop as infected rats had hidden within the cargo. But it was too late, in 1347, Sicily, the sailors docked but they were forced to move on, the brief encounter, however, allowed the infected rats to climb ashore and start spreading the disease. Soon it spread throughout trade routes such as the silk trade route which

Foodborne Botulism Geographic’s have been reported in 46 states, Puerto Rico, and Washington, DC. Most Outbreaks come from western states like California, Washington, Colorado, Oregon and Alaska. More than the half of the reported cases from foodborne Botulism since 1950. The Native population of Alaska has a distinctive issues with food borne Botulism. With

This test is performed to check for Clostridium difficile bacteria in your stool. Being infected with this toxin can result in damage to the lining of your colon and may lead to colitis.

Clostridium botulinum is a type of bacterium that is one of the main reasons for causing the deadly illness botulism. To

Contact precautions include: the patients being placed in private rooms, performing proper hand hygiene with antimicrobial soap and water, using friction for 15 seconds, and using gloves and gowns during patient care (Keske and Letizia 332). “One should also ensure adequate cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces and reusable devices. The uses of both buffered and buffered phosphate hypochlite solutions (bleach) have been shown to decrease the rate of C. difficile contamination and helps in reducing Clostridium Difficile associated disease (CDAD) rates” (Patel 104).

Before, biologists assumed all microbes are bad for the human body (automatically thought of pathogens), caused many diseases and harm our body fundamental systems. In addition, the biologists think that our body is already built which had all the functions required to maintain our health. However, the attitude has changed over the last decade. The biologists characterized the most prevalent species of microbes in the body, and found out that these collective microbes do not threaten us, and they also are important part of human bodies.

Hospital and other health care facilities should set strict guidelines on infection control to sanitary officers, caregivers and family members as long as they come in-contact with an inpatient.

Many different diseases are caused by different species in the Clostridium genus, including tetanus, botulism, and gangrene ("Clostridium."). But perhaps the worst, but least publicly recognized, is Clostridium difficile, or CDI. This disease affects 500,000 people every year in the US alone, and of those infected, around 6% died within the first month of being infected (“Healthcare-Associated Infections.”). CDI is a gastrointestinal infection. It is found in soil, water, processed meat, and human and animal feces, but once the bacteria has reached a surface, it can linger there for months. If people touch a surface with CDI with their hands, they can then accidentally ingest it, leading to a potential CDI infection. Certain people are at much

Clostridium difficile infection is a suprainfection cause by prolong use of antibiotics. Board spectrum antibiotic such as Penicillins, clindamycin, and cephalosporins are the antimicrobial drugs most commonly associated with C difficile colitis. According to Owens, in his research, C. difficile is primarily acquired in hospitals. Spread by spores, it can colonize a patient’s gut after helpful gut bacteria are killed by antibiotics. Its toxins can cause severe diarrhea and colitis, and it can be fatal (Owens 2013). On the other hand Kim in his research agreed clostridium difficile infection has been considered a hospital-acquired infection. However, a recent population-based study found 41% of CDIs were actually community acquired. It is becoming apparent that community acquired CDI affects populations previously thought to be at low risk; younger patients and patients who had no exposure to antibiotics in the 12 weeks before the infection. Thus, it is necessary to advocate and teach patient about

During 1348- 1349, a devastating sickness swept over all of Western Europe that wiped out about half of the population. The Black Death, also known as The Plague and the Bubonic Plague, killed thousands over the span of two summers. The Black Death was caused by the bacteria Y. Pestis, which normally lives dormant in a flea's stomach. However, when a flea bites a rat, the rat becomes infected, which eventually leads to a human being infected. Since rats had a high abundance in 1348-1349, the disease was very easily spread to humans, where it then became airborne (pneumonic), bubonic, or spread throughout the blood, also known as systemic. (The Black Death).

Life on this planet began with microorganisms. Through millions of years microorganisms have found ways to successfully adapt and survive. These adaptations have created a wide biodiversity, allowing them to basically populate in all places. Why are these microbes so important? Because they shape the history of our world. Some microbes can be deathly to humans while some others are favorable, for example, bacteria that lives in the gut of both humans and animals and helps during the process of digestion (Alfred Brown & Heidi Smith, 2006). Understanding these interactions help scientists to find ways to protect humans from potential deathly pathogens. In order to observe microbes, microscope proficiency and microorganisms’ identification are crucial skills in a microbiology lab. During this laboratory session, samples of environmental and human organisms were inoculated into two different rich media and incubated to their according temperature. After this, appropriate use and calibration of the microscope was performed. Lastly, morphology and size of different species of bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoan were recorded.

The disease, botulism, which is caused by Clostridium botulinium, is an emerging infectious disease. Clostridium botulinium is a bacterium that produces a neurotoxin that causes botulism. The bacterium is spore-forming, and anaerobic, meaning it does not need oxygen to grow. There are three main types of illnesses that Clostridium botulinium typically cause: Food-borne botulism, infant botulism, and wound botulism. Unbeknownst to common knowledge, infant botulism is the most common form of the disease, consisting of seventy-five percent of the reported cases of the disease (Chan-Tack, & Bartlett, 2010).

Botulism is a rare but very serious paralytic illness that is caused by botulinum toxin(potentially deadly neurotoxin) which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum toxin can enter the body in 3 main ways: by the ingestion of the toxin from eating foods that contain the botulism toxin (food borne botulism), by the contamination of a wound by the bacterium in which the toxin is produced (wound botulism) and Infant botulism which is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release the toxin. The powerful exotoxin (botulinum toxin) leads to secretory diarrhea. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are therefore considered to be

There are a few different government funded health care programs that are provided to a different group of Americans. One of the insurance programs provided by the government is Medicaid. Medicaid is a federal and state program which covers the cost of medical care for people who are considered to have an income that is lower than a certain level. The people who are accepted to receive Medicaid are those who are low income families with children, recipients receiving benefits for Supplemental Security Income, women who are pregnant and their income is lower than federal poverty guidelines along with the infants born to the women who are Medicaid eligible. Those who have Medicaid have to locate doctor 's offices who accept Medicaid as one cannot use this insurance anywhere. The government should provide health care for health care has been overly priced to almost impossible to afford; the number of uninsured residents has grown significantly; and with the government providing health care the physicians wouldn 't have to worry about how they would be getting paid they would be able to focus on helping the person get better.