Classical Conditioning Experiment

Classical conditioning is the relationship of an automatic response with a neutral occurrence. There are many main components to classical conditioning. Acquisition which is the learning part of classical conditioning where the conditioned stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus. An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that instinctively causes a response. An unconditioned response is the response to the unconditioned stimulus that the researcher will document. A Neutral stimulus is a stimulus that may not get a response initially however after time, develops an instinctive response. A conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus after is has taught the response by training based on the conditioning. A conditioned response is the response to the conditioned stimulus. Extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination are all a part of the classical conditioning process (Nevid,

Before Classical Conditioning even takes place, there is what one refers to as an unconditioned stimulus (US), which is something in the environment that naturally and automatically triggers an individual to respond. This in turn causes an unconditioned response (UR), which is a natural (meaning is has not been taught), reaction that occurs in the presence of an unconditioned stimulus. The next term we must be familiar with is neutral stimulus. A neutral stimulus (NS), can be either a person, place or object that does not produce a response until it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus. Imagine for example, your grandmother has just baked a fresh batch of chocolate chip cookies. As the cookies (the US) sit by the window to cool,

Classical conditioning occurs when two different stimulus are put together. For example, Pavlov’s experiment with dogs that when they see food they salivate but with a bell they wouldn’t, eventually when you paired food and the sound of the bell more times the dogs learned that when they heard the bell they would salivate.

Psychologist Martin Seligman conducted an experiment that aimed to understand more about classical conditioning. In his study, he rang a bell and lightly shocked a dog. Eventually, if the dog heard the bell, it would react to the shock before it even happened. This was all good, it was a great example of classical conditioning, but the truly interesting part of the study came later. Seligman constructed a box with a small wall in the middle.

Classical and operant conditioning are two important concepts used to format a person’s behavior in terms of learning. These are two different processes.

In this experiment, Watson proved to depict how classical conditioning works. He used a little boy named Albert in the experiment as his subject. The experiment would start with Watson turning off a light and then turning it back on to surprise Albert with a bunny.

The “Little Albert” experiment was a study that depicted clear evidence of classical conditioning and stimulus generalization. Classical conditioning refers to learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus.(e.g. A dog hears a bell every time before he is fed, and after repeating this multiple times, the dog is conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell.) Stimulus generalization refers to the reaction one might have to other objects similar in shape, color, size, etc, after a traumatic or very positive experience. (e.g. Someone gets sick after eating an orange and then might feel uncomfortable eating other orange foods.) The examination of these factors, however, left Little

Classical conditioning is the theory that involves a subject learning a new behavior by the process of association. A naturally occuring stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus) is paired with a response (the unconditioned response). Then, a neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus) is paired with the unconditioned stimulus and eventually the conditioned stimulus produces the initial response of the unconditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus being present. The response, therefore, becomes the conditioned response. This study had a major influence on the psychological study of behaviorism. “Behaviorism is based on the assumption that learning occurs through interactions with the environment” (Cherry 1). Classical conditioning

Then, later, the unconditioned stimulus can be withdrawn and the neutral stimulus evolves to become the conditioned stimulus. Now the conditioned stimulus or learned stimulus evokes a conditioned response, or learned response. Given the example, the conditioned response is salivation. When it hears the bell, the dog salivates because the dog was conditioned to associate the hot dog with the sound of the bell.

     Classical conditioning is a process of learning associations between stimuli used by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist. In

The Little Albert experiment was done on an infant boy called Albert. He was tested on his reactions to different stimulus. Unconditioned Stimulus is any stimulus that can cause a response without the organism going through any previous learning. Little Albert was considered as unemotional because he did not show fear of this stimuli, however when a hammer was struck against a steel bar behind his head made him feel fear. This is what we call and unconditioned stimuli. This noise made little Albert burst into tears. In this study, the infant was shown a rabbit, a white rat, monkey, and various masks. This is considered the Conditioned Stimulus on this experiment. A Conditioned Stimulus is a formerly neutral stimulus that, after merging with

Although classical conditioning is something that most people experience in a daily basis, it may also be the first thing someone remembers in a day. According to Olson and Hergenhahn (2009) classical conditioning is defined as a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response. In this paper the subject is to describe the theory of classical conditioning as well as describing a scenario in which one could apply classical conditioning theory to, and bring forth the scenario by showing illustrations of how this could be used

Behaviourists regard behaviour has a response and stimulus which is determined by the environment one lives in. With this reductionist idea, it is therefore easy for behaviourists to control experiments. Behaviourists carry out experiments with control over variables, precise measurements objectivity and observability, resulting in very reliable results. However, some critics may argue that behaviour is studied under artificial conditions which do not match real life environments, resulting in low ecological validity. Furthermore, another strength of this approach is that all three of its theories, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning theory have succeeded when applied to its studies. For instance, classical conditioning is when new behaviours maybe acquired through association between an environmental stimulus and a neutral stimulus. An example of this is Watson’s little Albert experiment (1920) where the neutral stimulus (white rat) and

Classical conditioning is a type of associative learning which occurs when two stimuli are paired together repetitively and therefore become associated with each other eventually producing the same response. Classical conditioning was developed from the findings of Ivan Pavlov to account for associations between neutral stimuli and reflexive behavior such as salivation. Pavlov (1927) accidently discovered that dogs began to salivate before they had tasted their food. To support his theory, he carried out experiments using dogs which involved measuring the amount of saliva they produced. In his experiments, food started off as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) which produced salivation, an unconditioned response (UCR). They are both unconditioned as they occur naturally without being learned. The dogs were presented with a bell (NS), this provided no salivation. The bell and food were presented together and after many trails an

In 1903 a Russian physiologist by the name of Ivan Pavlov first developed an experiential model of learning called Classical Conditioning (Lautenheiser 1999). An example if Classical Conditioning would be ringing a bell when it is time for your pet to eat. The pet hears the bell and over time is conditioned that when the bell rings its dinner time thus begins to salivate, and eventually learns to be conditioned to responding to the bell in a specific manner. The bases was that neutral stimulus would be put together with an excitatory one and over time the neutral stimulus would, at some point down the line elicit the response that was associated with the original unlearned response. Pavlov later added an element known as the nonexcitatory, conditioned stimulus which is but together with an unconditioned stimulus (Lautenheiser 1999).