Chronological Background To Eal Teaching In Schools. Discussion

The need for bilingual education is not directly related to the need for the student to have a more pleasant learning experience, but based more on the increasing need for these individuals to learn about their heritage, how they can present themselves to others in different scenarios, and being knowledgeable in both languages at a dual equivalence. The key

Many popular theories of second language acquisition have been analyzed throughout history. The socialization of L2 learners, their present emotional state that is present at time of acquisition, as well as the comprehensible input and output with the use of scaffolding play a major role in second language acquisition. Let us also not forget the importance of written expression as well as reading comprehension with these L2 learners. Each play a role in language development. However, I believe that in acquiring a language, one must use a variety of techniques that work together to create a balance within the learning environment. Furthermore, all L2 learners learn differently and so a variety of resources will need to be used based on the ability of each student. There are many theories that have been developed by highly qualified experts in the field on linguistics. However, I will address those areas that I agree with as I present my personal theories on second language acquisition.

When considering Cummins (2000) discussed the difference between social and academic language acquisition for children with EAL. Pupils Basic Interpersonal

Judie Haynes’ article, “Stages of Second Language Acquisition”, clearly states five stages that a new learner of English may go through. In Haynes’ theory, there are five stages in total, and they are pre-production, early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency. According to Haynes, new learners of English acquire language by going through the same stages. However, how much time each student spends at a particular stage may be different. Despite the different time length, the stages of people acquiring new language are worth discussing.

Many people still debate the benefits of bilingual education. Even if the program were supported, there would be no way to insure that it has successfully achieved its goal. “The problem with this method (bilingual education) is that there is no objective way to measure whether a child has learned enough English to be placed in class where academic instruction is entirely in English. As a result, some children have been kept in native language classes for six years” (Hayakawa 577). Not only is there no way to measure if a student is ready to be out of the program, those students who were stuck in the program for several years infers the feeling of being out-casted. Children complain of systematically being segregated from their English-speaking peers being put in to the bilingual

This essay will demonstrate the research that is implemented on children with bilingual ability; discussing three main issues in bilingualism which is: the maintaining children’s first language, social and cognitive benefits, also why bilingualism should be in cooperated into school programming/curriculum.

Pachler, N., Barnes, A., and Field, K., 2009, Learning to teach Modern Foreign Languages in th

Many parents want their children to be enrolled in bilingual education programs so that they may receive the knowledge of the English language while at the same time keep their current and be active with their cultural heritage. Bilingual education is another avenue that needs to be explored by more school districts across the nation because children should learn that there are other forms of communication. High schools require their students to take a foreign language before graduating, so why is this form of bilingual education accepted; yet an elementary bilingual program is under constant criticism? Bilingual people are rewarded in today's society by the higher wages and better positions. The scorn of the bilingual education programs that

Diverse cultures within the United States are rapidly developing and growing and the educational sector is the number one target to ensure that English –learners are receiving adequate education. Within the educational sector there are administrators and teachers who are involved in students lives on a daily basis to ensure that education is equal. In order to achieve the vital objective of equality, socio-cultural influences on ELL students, bilingualism and home language use, parental and community resources, and partnerships between families and schools all have to be considered to provide an opportunity for equal education.

The big ideas of this presentation is to inform us on the significance of Bilingual and ESOL programs. In these videos Peter Russe, whom is a Multi-Cultural Education Training advocate Co-Director, gives us a run through on the history of the programs and tells us about all the movements and acts that become our countries school systems multicultural education programs. He has argued many cases for education rights for minority children. Peter explains both sides of the table by telling us what they attitudes were on both sides.

Yana is starting to attend a setting, however, she speaks little English (appendix one). This language barrier could affect Yana in all areas of development, particularly her social development as it will limit her verbal communication skills (Davies, 2011). As Yana has English as an additional language (EAL), she may find it difficult to communicate her basic needs with limited vocabulary- Schaffer (1926) views this as a crucial barrier as it will prevent practitioners from successfully meeting children’s needs (Schaffer, 2004). Schaffer (1926) believes that EAL is a barrier to learning, however, Vygotsky (1896) along with Chomsky (1928) believe that language is a skill that can be learnt (Graf & Birch, 2009). Therefore, if language is modelled by the practitioners then Yana should learn new words and soon form sentences which will support Yana in all areas of

In the book Why Tesol?, it states that the major tenets of Cummins’ model of second language acquisition is the framework that focuses on the “distinction between social language and academic language.”Cummins suggests that academic language takes longer to acquire and social language is easier because it is in the “here and now”. Cummins’ Quadrant Model consists of 4 quadrants: Quadrant 1 - Social language; Quadrant 2 - Target language; Quadrant 3 - Target language; Quadrant 4 - Academic language. (p. 152). Although, there are many models of second language acquisition, I felt that Cummin’s model was a great representative of where Carlos’ second language acquisition has fallen behind. When beginning remediation with Carlos’ my first priority is to provide him with a solid foundation of academic vocabulary that will assist him throughout his learning experience. This process is beneficial when teaching content area. In order for Carlos to succeed in the classroom he will need to become familiar and be able to comprehend the content area. Before beginning each lesson I would have Carlos share his knowledge of the vocabulary words and academic language that is beneficial to the lesson. This will provide insight to see which areas I need to review and which areas he has a strong foundation in. Next, I would provide Carlos with various opportunities to obtain the vocabulary needed in each content area. To develop his vocabulary I would provide him with a guide prior to

Despite bilingual education’s apparent successes on paper, the transition from theory to practice determines whether the program will succeed or fail. An evidential reason of why bilingual programs fail in schools, particularly in the Australian context, is that they are treated as transfer bilingual programs, rather than the maintenance model (Harris, 1978). According to Harris (1978), transfer bilingual programs are when the Indigenous language is merely implemented as an efficient way of making students literate in English in

Emerging English learners have a basic knowledge of English and also know other language or dialects. These students are more capable of participating in classroom tasks and contributing to discussions. However they still struggle with written and oral tasks and need a lot more concentration than those with English as their first language.

It will also serve to provide the beginning stage of a more comprehensive action research study to allow me to meet her needs as best I can, which I will discuss in the conclusion. METHODOLOGY The objective of this case study is to describe, in terms of second language acquisition theory, this student’s language proficiency, especially through the lens of whether she will achieve the expected ‘C grade’ required of her for passing and matriculation. The key research question for this case study is, “What are the specific language-based and affective patterns that identify this child, and can they be described in an inter-related fashion?” My hypothesis is that such “thick description” (Geertz 1994) can be reached through two different but complementary aspects of second language acquisition theory by integrating the discussion along these lines: • Learner language analysis. Features and patterns are identified through a close analysis of Katie’s output: written and oral. This is matched to SLA theory, and ‘gaps’ between the target and achieved language will be identified. • Affective factors as revealed from choices in responding to prompts and the content of discussion from three interviews held with Katie.