Chlorine 36 Ages ( Paterson Et Al

Power is the ability to influence the behavior of others or the course of events. Power is something Mayella has, and her power helps to give her a big advantage over Tom. The the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Mayella has power because she is trying to convince the jury that Tom is guilty even though he is innocent. Because of her class, race, and gender she succeeds. Mayella has power based on her race, gender, and class.

The Eighth Amendment protects the right of prisoners before they are tried and after they are convicted. It also bars excessive fines and “cruel and unusual” punishments. In 1641, the Massachusetts Body of Liberties standards allowed the death penalty for blasphemy and had physical punishments such as cutting off ears and branding with a hot iron. But now the death penalty is no longer allowed in some states because its defined as “evolving standards of decency” and most are extremely cruel and the cost is expensive. The Eighth Amendment prohibits mentally ill persons to “cruel and unusual” punishments. The Supreme Court case in 2005 of Roper v. Simmons is about Christopher Simmons and he was sentenced to death in 1993, when he was only 17.

This mega drought matched up with the Lake Chichancanab sediment record, giving the authors more confidence in their results. They did this for multiple depths of low Ti content on the sediment cores that resulted in the dates of 910, 860, 810, and 760 A.D.. The intervals between these drought periods were all within approximately 40 to 47 years which also is supported in the Lake Chichancanab sediment record. Beginning with the drought in 760 A.D., a drying trend appeared for approximately the next 40 years until a more severe drought occurred at approximately 810 A.D. Another major drought occurred at roughly 860 A.D. based on very low Ti content results. This was finally capped of with another sever drought in 910 A.D. which lasted roughly 6 years.

Stretching across ten countries and spanning over four thousand miles, the Nile River became the heart of Egyptian civilization. The lower (northern) Nile overflowed its banks several months out of the year before the creation of the Aswan High Dam in 1970. When the floodwaters receded, they left a new layer of rich silt behind, making the surrounding valley and delta a fertile and desirable habitat. As early as 8000 BCE, the people who inhabited the valley of the world’s longest river became relatively sedentary and in 5000 BCE they adopted the agricultural village life commonly associated with Neolithic culture. Throughout the Predynastic period, the North African climate was immensely dry. In order to combat this problem, many villages formed alliances that worked to control the river’s flow. Over time, these small federations of villages conquered and absorbed other weaker ones. As communities grew into chiefdoms, they began to advance rapidly toward refined civilization shortly after 3600 BCE.

The rapid decline in Urmia lake levels, the largest inland wetland in Northwest of Iran and the third hyper-saline lake in the world, as the biggest environmental disaster has been of great concern. In recent decades, a frequent occurrence of dry periods has experienced in the North West. In early 2000 the depth of the lake has dropped about 6 meters, which is mainly due to changing patterns of water for agricultural uses, construction of numerous dams and dry periods (Deljo, 2013).

Samples were then analyzed within one week from the time of collection. Water samples collected were subjected to: Fig.1 United Arab

Groundwater samples were collected and reported by Sultan et al. (2011) from Sinai for isotopic analyses of H and O from open and productive wells tapping three types of aquifers: (1) fractured basement, (2) Nubian Sandstone unconfined aquifer cropping out at the foothills of the basement outcrops, and (3) alluvial. They believed that the unconfined and alluvial aquifers fed by a fractured basement aquifer through discharging into the overlying sediments. The δD and δ18O isotopic compositions of the groundwater samples from the unconfined Nubian Sandstone aquifers in the recharge areas cropping out at the foothills of the basement outcrops are somewhat depleted (δD: -22.7 to -32.8‰; δ18O: -4.47 to -5.22‰) compared to those from fractured basement outcrops (δD: -19.9 to -23.2‰; δ18O: -3.77 to -5.05‰) and those from alluvial aquifers (δD: -22.7 to -23.4‰; δ18O: -4.53 to -5.01‰), but they are less depleted than those reported from the Gulf of Suez (Sturchio et al., 1996). The isotopic compositions of the samples from the fractured basement and alluvial aquifers are similar to those of average modern precipitation from Al Arish and Rafah (Fig. 3). The unconfined aquifer shows a mixing between fossil waters of the Western Desert, formed in pluvial period, and modern precipitation deposited in dry and warm climatic conditions (Sultan et al., 1997, 2011).

This paper presents an evaluation of isotopic and geochronologic data on the groundwater in Eastern Sahara that have been collected by various projects in addition to our recent collected dating groundwater samples. Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) of northeast Africa is believed to have been recharged in previous wet climatic periods in the Quaternary Period. However, the isotopic (O & D) signatures of the groundwater samples show that the aquifer is still receiving modern recharge in some regions (central and north Sudan, the Eastern Desert and Sinai). These regions have a rainfall that feed the aquifer during the current dry climate. The groundwater source ranges between paleowater of the glacial wet climate to paleowater mixed with precipitation of warm and dry climates and/or Nile water, in addition to the modern groundwater of evaporated flash flood or precipitation in the shallow alluvial aquifers. Central Sudan, Eastern Desert and Sinai have a wide range of isotopic signatures reflecting paleowaters, mixing and modern groundwaters. The isotopic signatures of north Sudan and south of the Uweinat–Aswan uplift indicates replenishment by groundwater flow from the south that is hindered by the uplift. Young C-14 ages for groundwater samples were reported from east Uweinat (~1.8–11.7 kyr) and from northern Sudan (~50 kyr), reflecting the modern recharge in this area to the south of the Uweinat-Aswan uplift. The groundwater of the Western Desert shows the highest

Fig 9, shows the spatial USSL Classification diagram of groundwater samples in Sarab plain. The C2-S1 was found in the east part of the study area. In this part of the study area, the aquifer is recharged from streams. Therefore, groundwater quality there has good quality. In the middle part of study area, the groundwater quality is deteriorated due to dissolution of gypsum and salts minerals in Miocene formations, cation exchange and urban wastewater. The C4-S1 was found in the west and north part of the study area and salinity and SAR has increased in the west part of study area due to Talkheh Rud river saline water (Asadollahfardi et al., 2011).

The sedimentary cover shows a northward increase from less than 0.5 km in northern Sudan and southern Egypt to more than 6 km at the Mediterranean coast. The sediments thickness shows a shallowing of the basement rocks along the east-west trending Uweinat-Aswan basement uplift which may impede the south to north groundwater flow and replenishment from the recharge areas in the south.

Absract: The Miocene carbonate – siliciclastic deposits are widely exposed along the stretch of Qabilt Ash Shurfah to Wadi Zaqlum sections, Sirte Basin, NW Libya. These deposits overlies unconformably the Late Cretaceous Sidi As Sid Formation and overlain unconformably by Quaternary clastic deposits. Three stratigraphic sections were investigated namely, from north to south: Qabilat Ash Shurfah, Ras Al Shaqqah and Wadi Zaqlum sections. Lithostrtigraphically, the Miocene sequence could be differentiated into two main rock units representing shallow deposits with relatively intermittent deep marine incursions. These are from base to top as follows: 1- Al Faidiyah Formation and 2- Al Khums Formation (represented at lower part by An Naggazah Member followed upwards with Ras Al Mannubiyah Member. Detailed foraminiferal investigations led to the recognition of three foraminiferal zones from base to top: Elphidium macellum / Miogypsina intermedia and Globigerinoieds trilobus zones covering Al Faidiyah Formation and assigned it to early Miocene (Burdigalian) age and the Borelis melo melo zone which includes Al Khums Formation and dated it to Middle Miocene (Langhian to Early Serravallian) age. Detailed microfacies analysis of the rock units led to the recognition of eleven microfacies types indicating that the Miocene sequence was deposited in transgressive – regressive cycles ranged from near shore, warm shallow inner to middle shelf marine environments with development of reefal

The measured physical and chemical properties of the water in El-Mansouriya stream during the study period that presented in table (1), showed clearly that almost all parameters elevated in winter and lowered in summer, except for temperature (Temp.) and biological oxygen demand (B.O.D) recorded their maximum values during summer (29.20C-2.4 mg/L), while the minimum were during winter (17.20C-1.0 mg/L), respectively. Moreover, the measures clarified a narrow variations among four seasons in pH value in alkaline side (7.4-7.7) and chloride concentration (30.3-44.7 mg/L) during summer and winter, respectively. However, the results indicated that Nitrite (NO3) concentrations fluctuated with low range (1.6-4.8 mg/L)

The most important geologic units are outlined below from the oldest to the youngest. The lowermost unit corresponds to the Tertiary basaltic sequences that cover large areas of Ethiopia and are comprehensively known as Plateau Flood basalts or Trap Series. These basalts represent the first volcanic activity related to the Tertiary rifting in Ethiopia, although this volcanic phase predates the main rifting events (Abebe et al., 2005; Bonini et al., 2005).

130,000 years of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic change in East Africa: An evaluation of the status of our understanding

This project focuses on water resources in the region of ancient Eastern Arabia at the site of As Safah, Oman. This site has archaeological evidence of metallurgical activities in the Iron Age (c. 900-600 BCE), like kilns, furnaces and metal objects, still in very good condition. However, the site is very far away from any natural water sources in the present day. Excavators did find sediment and fluvial deposits suggesting that occasionally in the past the site had an inflow of water (Genchi, Giardino, and Castelluccia 8). The objective of this project was to use satellite imagery to understand why this site was chosen for intensive metal production despite it distance from water, necessary for metal production. This