Chippewa Forest Research Paper

Puget prairies are a type of ecosystem that can only be found in small areas in the Puget lowlands as well as in some places in British Columbia. The Puget prairies were created by retreating glaciers thousands of years ago (South Puget Sound Prairies, 2016). The prairies were then maintained by Native American tribes from the surrounding area ("South Puget Sound Prairies," 2016). The Salish tribe systematically burned trees growing into the prairies to maintain the intricate ecosystem, a strategy the prairieland relies on ("The Role of Fire," 2016). Coastal Salish natives lived in the Thurston County prairies long before the arrival of white settlers in 1792. The Salish tribe has since split into the Nisqually, Squaxin, and Chehalis tribes

Mountains region of the major Land Resource Areas as defined by the Natural Resource Conservation Service. This area is defined by its rounded mountains and foothills as well as its mixed forest of northern hardwoods, fir and spruce. High gradient streams flow into swamps and lakes in the steep valleys. These characteristics create a unique ecosystem that provides many services for people and wildlife. Land features in this area are generally fairly steep to very steep with a range in elevation from

The Chippewa Tribe Tepees are spreaded throughout the grassy land, families are rolling up their homes to look for food. These people moved around searching for food and a good hunting place. These people are called the Chippewa or Ojibwa Indians which means “puckered up” because of their moccasins tops being sewn together (Ditchfield 8). They live around the Great Lakes in North America and some parts of Canada (9).

Muir Woods National Monument is located in Marin County, about 15 miles away from San Francisco. Muir Woods contains a large portion of Redwood Canyon and is near the base of Mount Tamalpais. The park was established in 1907 when William Kent, a California congressman and philanthropist, gifted 298 acres of costal redwoods to the federal government in attempt to preserve the area from development. The now historic redwoods were the target of the North Coast Water Company who planned to build a new reservoir. A year later on January 9th, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the proclamation establishing Muir Woods as a National Monument (Dilsaver, 294).

The name of my tribe is the Eastern Woodlands. The location of my tribe is in the Southeast portion of North America. The Eastern Woodlands have more than one tribe. Two of them were called the Mohawks and Huron. The Eastern Woodlands covered up the East Coast of North America from the Atlantic to the West of the Mississippi River. This is some of the information about my tribe called the Eastern

The Woodland Indian tribes started in present day New York and extended to New England, Maryland,the Great Lakes, and Maine, where they settled. The Woodland Indians lived in the forests near lakes or streams, thats why they are called the Woodlands Indians.

The Chippewa believed the Earth to have had a family. The moon, they called grandmother and the sun was known as Grandfather. Earth was called Mother Earth, because from her, came all life. She was given four directions – North, South, East and West, each with physical and spiritual meaning.

Many environmental factors allowed Native tribes of the Eastern Woodlands to shape and develop their own culture. Water was abundant, rivers and access to oceans enabled the Natives to grow and rely mainly on crops, like beans, corn and squash, travel, trade and communicate via water way. Natives used these rivers to trade and gain materials, such as copper, quartz, and pearls, develop relationships with other tribes, and explore new territory. Access to these natural resources gave artists the inspiration and material to create sophisticated and beautiful work. Communication with neighboring tribes to forge peace, resulted in less warfare. Dense forests provided ample wood for housing, travel and protection from opposing

In terms of National Parks, one often thinks of the greats such as Yosemite, Yellowstone, or the sheer vast area of Alaskan parks such as Denali. There are many other National Parks with unique beauty, striking features, intricate geology, and historical significance that many forget about or brush aside. One of which is Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona. Petrified Forest is arguably the most well known of all areas that contain these fossilized woods and boasts a rare Arizona grassland environment, an abundance of prehistoric cultural artifacts, and around 290 plant and animal species. Geologically, Petrified Forest National Park stands out with stunning colors, formations, and variety.

Alexander the caribou is drinking out of the warm arctic ocean with his friends; Owen, and Joshua. It has been a relatively warm winter month with little snowfall so far this year, then all of a sudden, the ice cracks separating Alexander from his friends slowly drifting away into the ocean. He attempts to swim back, but does not make it. In 2002, the George River Caribou Herd (GRCH) population was between 800,000-900,000 animals but by 2014 the population of caribou was decreased to 14,200 GRCH, in northern Canada. While at first it may appear that animal decline and animal population loss in Canada/ the northern hemisphere, due to carbon emissions, is not as serious as it seems, but a closer look reveals that carbon emissions from factories, cars, trains, etc. are a cause of global warming and that the reduction of private transportation would be a quick efficient solution. By forcing businesses to pay taxes and restrict the amount of carbon output and the general public to use less private, and more public transportation, the Earth temperature raising would decline. As a result, this solution would not only stop the destruction of the animal’s; habitats, allowing the population decline to stop, but also stop all the other effects of global warming, such as worse air qualities, higher temperatures, and sea levels rising across the world.

The first argument examined on the man-made global warning side is that increasing greenhouse gases caused by human activities is causing directly observed climate changes. The first resulting climate change discussed is warming global surface temperature. There has been an increase in global surface temperature of 0.74 degrees C since the late 19th century. In the last 50 years alone the temperature has increased by 0.13 degrees C per decade. North America and Eurasia have seen the largest increase in warmth. However, some areas of the earth have actually cooled some this past century (Easterling & Karl, 2011, para6). After the mid 20th century 70% of the global land mass saw reduced diurnal temperatures. From 1979 to 2005 the maximum and minimum temperatures have shown no change; both indicate warming (Easterling & Karl, 2011, para10). Furthermore, borehole temperatures, snow cover, and glacier recession data all seem to agree with recent warming (Easterling & Karl, 2011, para11).

"Climate change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system that persists for several decades or longer" (Montgomery, 2015). Climate change (or global warming) can be caused by a natural progress such as sun 's radiations and volcanoes, or it can be caused by human 's actions such as land use, deforestation, and pollution. (Hardy, 2003).This phenomenon not only affects the environment, but it also affects human lives. Alaska is the largest state in the United States. It includes lands on both sides of the Arctic Circle. Sixteen national wildlife refuges are home to a great variety of flora and fauna. In the past 60 years. The Alaska 's environment changed drastically; the climate is warming up as twice as much in comparison to all the other states. This essay will discuss firstly the climate change in the Alaskan environment. Then it will highlight the changes in the ocean and costs, the effects that global warming is having on Alaska 's natives and the melting permafrost. It will then finally address who is responsible for this effects and some measures that can be taken.

Habitat loss is one of the most evident effects of climate change on animals. Forests, as well as deserts support many forms of life. It is the home of insects and animals like bears, and birds. If forests will be cleared out for the development of land for families, business and farming purposes, animals will loose their homes and food. Because of deforestation, many of the trees and the other plants that provide food to the herbivorous animals will get extinct at a faster speed. Droughts caused by global warming could dry up 90 percent of central U.S. wetlands, eliminating essential breeding habitat for ducks, geese and other traveling species (National Wildlife Federation). Climate change is the main reason to wildlife's survival and putting natural resources in danger. The change in temperature caused by global warming has many effects on the habitats of animals. The melting ice will cause the loss of habitat for species such as the polar bears, penguins, and seals. The arctic ice that is melting makes it difficult for polar bears to hunt. Warmer water will also cause the population of fish such as trout

Climate change is a rising issue of importance in our day and age, and one that is threatening our global society on many levels. In the past few decades, scientists have discovered that our planet’s climate has been changing at an alarming rate. The way in which we have changed the land to

Climate change is one of the major issues surfacing earth over the past century. The earth’s temperature has increased over the years leading to detrimental effects on the economic and life sources of people, especially that of agricultural production and livestock. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary (2014), defined climate change as a change in global climate patterns apparent from the mid late 20th century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, (2007) predicts that by 2100 the increase in global average surface temperature may be between 1.8° C and 4.0° C. With increases of 1.5° C to 2.5° C, approximately 20 to 30 percent of plant and animal species are expected to be at risk of extinction. Moreover, the IPCC (2007)