Originally, the district court found in favor of Star Athletica, finding that “the copyright was for such design features as chevrons, stripes, and patterns, but those could not be separated from a cheerleader uniform, because such an item of sportswear was indistinguishable from its design elements” (Denniston). Varsity appealed the finding to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit where they overturned the decision of the lower court. They “concluded that Varsity’s design features could be separated from the utility of the uniforms, so they were protected as pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works” (Fang). The differing interpretations and vagueness of the Copyright Act led to the Supreme Court granting certiorari on May 2, 2016. …show more content…
Part of the alleged function of uniforms is to identify cheerleaders as members of a specific team. “Thus, a cheerleader uniform fails the “identified-separately” requirement because the uniform’s stripes, chevrons, zigzags, and color blocks cannot be recognized apart from a cheerleader uniform’s utilitarian aspects but are essential to the uniform’s use or purpose” (Fang). Star Athletica also argues that most designs are inseparable from function because designs can change the way the wearer is perceived. For example, stripes are considered a design element, but the way stripes are applied to the body can serve different functions. Horizontal stripes make a person look shorter and broader whereas vertical stripes are supposed to make someone thinner and taller. Star Athletica believes that “many of the design choices that are being claimed as copyrightable have the functional effect of accentuating parts of the cheerleader’s body, elongating the body, and enhancing the body’s curves” (“Can”). Therefore, designs such as stripes, chevrons, zigzags, and color blocks are functional elements that cannot be copyrighted
The physical activity must have five elements, some include overcoming the resistance of a mass, competition against an opponent, and the rules must define time, space, the purpose of the activity, and the conditions under which a winner is declared. In addition to, acknowledgement that the competition is an evaluation of the skills of the participants and the key purpose of the activity is for competition. Competitive cheerleading fits into all five of these categories through stunts, tumbling, competitions, score sheets, time limits, and mat size. Cheerleading also fits into these categories through the Entertainment and Sports Programming Networks (ESPN) comparing cheerleading routines and a competitive cheerleader’s sole purpose is to compete. Most people in the world do not think cheerleading is a sport for several reasons. Some they think cheerleading does not have a strategy, while others think cheerleaders do not have enough physical ability. However, cheerleading fits into all of the categories of what must take place in order to deem it as a sport (Cheer
Throughout the article various tone changes occur. During the introduction, there is a negative attitude that is apparent. The author is reflecting on Erykah Ward’s, a former gymnast, initial reactions to becoming a cheerleader. Ward’s responses were derogatory and stereotypical; she even stated at the end of the introduction, “I’ll want to kill them all” at the idea of becoming a cheerleader. She uses common stereotypes against cheerleaders such as “jumping around” and “uneducated.” All of the sudden, the article’s tone changes to a positive voice. The author is now praising cheerleading and cheerleaders for what they must endure. A couple sentences of ago the author was attacking cheerleading, but now he is saying, “competitive cheerleading is no joke.” This new admiring tone remains throughout the rest of the article and seems to get more passionate the further in detail he goes. Overall, the article has an informal voice. Campo- Flores is using
The Supreme Court held the decision that Varsity Brand’s had a right to copyright their designs because the feature can be perceived as a two- or three-dimensional work of art separate from the useful article, and it would qualify as a protectable pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, either on its own or fixed in some other tangible medium of expression arrangements of lines, chevrons, and colorful shapes appearing on surface of cheerleading uniforms were eligible for copyright protection as separable
Because of the physical demand, skill set needed, and the rules set to tumble, stunt, and jump, competitive cheerleading should be considered an official sport. Yet cheerleading has rules, guidelines, training, and many other things other sports also include. It also is definitely a physical and contact sport which has caused countless injuries throughout the years of the sports existance. But, most people only know cheerleading as sideline (school) cheerleading and have not had a glimpse into the world of competitive (All Star) cheerleading.
The NYC Radical Cheerleaders describe their activity as, “[A]ctivism with pomp poms and middle fingers extended. It’s screaming F*CK CAPITALISM while doing the splits” (qtd. in Adams and Bettis 36). Since their inception in the mid-1990s, the feminist Radical Cheerleaders have given women a stronger voice in the activist sphere while they scream, shout, and protest against a myriad of social issues. These range from the patriarchy, LBGTQ discrimination, and beauty standards, to police brutality, sexual assault, and capitalism, but they are all linked to the fight for human rights. In their protest, they subvert the stereotypical image of the white, blonde, thin cheerleader, looking to incite public interest and engagement. Ultimately, radical cheerleaders channel the theatricality and obscenity of the women’s liberation movement to reclaim their rights in the public sphere with curses, vulgarity, and action.
A sport is an organized association that provides regulated activities to individuals. In most cases these individuals are composed into teams with an identity, mission statement, and goal. Competitive cheerleading is association, and just like the definition of a sport, competitive cheerleading is organized and acknowledge under specific associations, (ISHAA,NCCA,etc.). Those associations regulates the activities of each participant. Every participant is classified by their team name and mascot. With pride each participant and team identify themselves and motivate themselves through their mission statement and goal. Considering, these relative factors, it is evident that competitive cheerleading is a sport. Competitive cheerleading is being
This season we should be more involved in the school much like the cheerleaders are. I think we need to be making locker signs, preforming at pep rallies and doing similar stuff to support our teams. On more than one occasion I got shut down by the team on doing school involvement. I also think this goes hand in hand on doing stuff in the community. Every other team at CC has a community service project they do and our opportunities are endless. This would also include still dancing at Purdue and competitions to try to spread our name and our exposure. I would like to improve the team’s outlook on the team and try to get everyone to get along and to get better as a team. I would do this by adding little things like secret santa, bringing in
He held the first summer cheerleader training camps which grew into the National Cheerleading Association ("Cheerleading" 2). From there, Herkimer oversaw the growth of cheerleading into high schools and the National Football League, and pioneered the use of spirit sticks, dance routines, and his signature jump, the "herkie" ("Being" 1). College cheerleading championships were first broadcast nationally in 1978 which greatly aided the cheerleader's ascent into icon status. From there, competitive cheerleading took off leading to the establishment of all-star gyms, independent of any school or team affiliation. As for the cheerleading industry, Varsity Spirit Corporation now monopolizes the market on all things cheerleading: camps, competitions, uniforms, and more. Although the purposes of cheerleading squads now vary, the essential qualities of a cheerleader rarely do.
In the article “THE SECONDARY SCHOOL CHEERLEADER AND RITUALIZED SEXUAL EXPLOITATION,” I learned many things. The first surprising thing was the cheerleading started off as mainly a boy sport and now you don’t see nearly as many boys as you do girls involved with cheerleading and I think that is partly because in today’s society boys get made fun of for being a cheerleader. (Bennett) Another major thing that bothers me about cheerleading is that many girls get into cheering for the wrong reason, let’s just say that a lot of it is popularity. All in all there is so much you can argue on either side for cheerleading and hopefully schools are starting to see how cheerleading has changed into something other than rooting on your team, or competing for a national title.
After doing some searching, (both online and in retail stores), I went ahead and purchased a couple of sock options that would look great with our VVA Basketball uniform. I found the best price on Amazon with good reviews and feedback. Receiving my delivery yesterday, I am very pleased with the quality, style, and price of the first pair, which we would be wearing with the white side of the uniform. The second pair to be worn with the black side of uniform. Sock styles are by the same company, so, I am optimistic they will fit well. Below are the links to Amazon for the specific vendors who have various sizes and quantities available for everyone. If anyone has had a better experience with another sock company please let me know as I have found
A cheerleader is a person who is a member of a group who shout out special songs or chants to encourage sports teams. (“Cheerleading”. World of SportsScience. Ed.K Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. Vol 1. Detroit: Gale,2007.139-141 Gale Virtual Reference Library. 9 Nov. 2016). Cheerleading began in the late 1800s at the University of Princeton, in New Jersey. (“History of Cheerleading.” iSport Online.Cheerleading.iSport 9 Nov. 2016 cheerleading.isport.com/cheerleading-guides/history-of-cheerleading). Cheerleading was in fact created by men at this time. The men who started cheering were called “yell leaders.” Women did not start cheering until 1923, and since then women have dominated cheerleading. Cheerleading started to evolve
Hey guys! It's Parker again and this week in my blog, I am talking about the changes to come for the new season regarding cheer music mixes. So if you are a competitive cheerleading you probably are heard little floats of gossip, or comments about the new rule I am going to talk about. Many of you will not be happy, but it is not as horrible as you would think. In this case the All-Star Cheerleading Industry is not involved, it is strictly the copyright law. According to https://www.cheersounds.com/blog/all-star-music-changes/ they say, “The first point that must be acknowledged is that this industry (including the music producers, the gyms and the event companies) has rarely ever licensed music properly. The past reasons for infringement
One of the greatest controversies that is spreading throughout high schools in the United States is parents and their children against the enforcement of their school’s uniform policy. More schools have been adopting uniform policies within the past decade. Rules contained in the policy that are implemented range from wearing certain types of tops (shirts) in specified colors to students being required to tuck in their shirts. In the past, uniforms were exclusively for students who attended private schools because they were “well-off”, but now uniforms are being seen more frequently in public schools on students of all economic levels. Having gone through a school system that considered adopting a uniform policy, I would have to press
High school is a vital time in a child’s life to discover who they are as an individual; expressing themselves through clothes is part of this process. If a student is required to wear a uniform everyday, that would create a lack of self expression. The First Amendment states that every human being in the United States is entitled to express themselves (Anderson). When students are forced to wear
Uniforms in schools are a big debate around the world. Should we have uniforms in schools? The answer is yes because uniform help the schools. They bring to table a great deal of help because students are getting bullied, killed, and some may not have as much as other when shopping for clothes. Having uniforms bring safety to schools and what goes on after school.