Changes And Continuities Between 476 And 1200

Between 500 BCE and 500 CE, the Roman civilization experienced changes both politically and culturally. Firstly, Rome’s government transitioned from a Republic to an Empire. Later, that empire was split into two parts; east and west. In terms of changes in culture, it was impacted by the shift in religion, as the Romans shifted from polytheism to monotheism. Despite all the changes, Rome still remained culturally diverse.

Despite the collapse of the Roman Empire, Europe still stood, separating into two different areas, governed two different ways. Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire had very different government structures. The Western half became Western Europe with popes, and princes ruling at that time. The Eastern half became The Byzantine

Parts of the European political systems that remained untouched included the feudal political forms that remained strong, even with introduction of monarchies. Since European states thirsted for expansion of their states, military remained a top priority in funding; therefore, the strong feudal forms remained, although with shifted balance. Furthermore, ordinary people were not highly affected by the political changes, because politics did not concern them; all they had to worry about was paying their taxes as usual, and the general economic life was not altered.

Much of past civilizations have endured many failures and triumphs throughout their existence. In the third century, there were many civilizations that started to flourish. One of these civilizations that started to expand was the Byzantine civilization. The Byzantine civilization, also regarded as Byzantium, was part of the Roman Empire which was divided in 395 AD. Byzantium had shared the same attitude, as the Roman Empire, toward exercising its authority over its citizens and throughout its empire. The Islamic civilization had started thrive in the fifth century. The Islamic civilization was unified together as unison by Islam and it has expanded its civilization throughout parts of Europe through jihad. Because of their expansions

CCOT ESSAY: Analyze continuities and changes in the ways ONE of the following regions participated in interregional trade during the period circa 1500 to 1750.

Christianity experienced notable change during the Byzantine Era as a result of the fact that new ideas were introduced into the religion and because more and more cultural values from across the world started to pervade it. The religion was very different in Byzantium from how it was in the West principally because a series of Eastern ideas were adopted by Christian leaders. Christianity experienced a different development in the East when compared to the evolution that it experienced in the West. In the centuries lasting between the beginning of the Eastern half of the Roman Empire and the end of a small medieval state Christianity has practically been bombarded with Eastern ideas and with ideas that generally differed from the ones promoted in the West, eventually making it possible for "a distinct system of religious practice and devotion" (Krueger, 1) to emerge.

Following the decline of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE, a new empire rose up in the ashes. This new empire, the Byzantine Empire, was a culmination of Western Roman cultures and tradition, yet, it also contains many distinctive features. Originating from the same empire, the two empires display similar cultural roots.

A lack of government contributed to the cultural decay in Europe. In western Europe, the Germanic Kingdoms were set up after the fall of the Roman Empire. Shortly after the kingdoms were formed, they were attacked by the barbarians. Still relatively new, " [t]he Germanic Kingdoms which had been set up by 476 were unable to suppress the violence"(Document A). Since the kingdoms were newly formed, their governments were too fragile to be able to defend against the attacks, allowing the barbarians to wreck total havoc in the Kingdoms. Government went from being strong and able to keep order in the Roman Empire to being fragile and almost nonexistent. This transformation from a strong government to a lack of government lead to

exchange of new things and ideas. One change that occured in social during this time was population. The

These are things we are going to talk about, law, activities, and religion. Roman laws are harsh but modern day laws didn’t have harsh laws. Rome activities wrote there activities on tombs. Roman religion was a polytheistic religion and were similar to roman mythology. Roman laws were really harsh I could tell you reasons why.

Between 200 CE and 1000 CE the Mediterranean region saw dramatic political transformations as the Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 CE with attacks from Germanic tribes while the Eastern Roman Empire preserved Roman culture and endured until 1453 CE, when it fell to the Ottoman Turks. In both the Western and eastern Empires, the introduction of Christianity was an initial change that became a continuity for the rest of the time period and position of women in society remained the same below men. However, while the Byzantine Empire saw a continuity of Roman culture through Roman law, learning, arts and entertainment, the Western Roman Empire saw a decline of learning, trade and Roman

Vandal, Visigoth, and Ostrogoth people all had cultures heavily influenced by Rome and its Religion. During this era, feudalism developed, and Christianity divided in two - the Catholic Church in the west and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the east. In both cases, the Church grew to have a great deal of political and economic power.

Before period 3 came the fall of many great empires across the world. Han China and Gupta India were falling to invaders and revolts. However, one of the most important downfalls of an empire in the classical period was the fall of the Roman Empire. Due to many contributing factors, Rome broke apart towards the end of period 2 and changed the entirety of Europe and the Middle East. This fall more importantly increased the divide between Eastern and Western Europe. After the fall of Rome, the administrations of Western and Eastern Europe showed more drastic differences in both centralization and religion. However, even with this major differences they still shared the same ambitions and values.

During the fifth and sixth centuries, the East and the West began to split into two halves. Constantine tried to keep these two regions together by trying to regain parts of the West from barbarian tribes. Although his efforts, the West slowly fell to German tribes. Around the tenth century, Constantinople thrived in the East. It was a seat of imperial court and administration, had a large population center, and was a focus of a large quantity of international trade. Where it was located made it a geographical entrepôt for the East and West. Constantinople held second for quantity and the value of goods coming in. Their imperial government was not very stable; assassinations were held, military revolts, and court intrigues. Constantinople

Western European people had endured a series of changes during the late medieval period. Changes can be categorized into two aspects: politically and socially. On politics, Popes were not as strong as they were due to conflicts between the state and the church. Socially, people began to live a religion- dominated life, and experienced active sexism towards women. These changes, either positive or negative, have become an undivided part of European History.