Name: _Leroy Johnson __________________________________ Date: ______________Comprehensive Study Guide. Test will only be Multiple choice
1. The feature that most clearly separates eukaryotes from prokaryotes is the presence of _______ in eukaryotic cells. A) ribosomes B) oxidative phosphorylation C) DNA molecules -D) a nucleus
2. Cytoplasmic organelles are
- A) absent in prokaryotic cells; present in eukaryotic cells. B) present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. C) present in prokaryotic cells; absent in eukaryotic cells. D) absent in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
3. Eukaryotic chromosomes contain _______ DNA molecules. A) single linear B) single circular -C) multiple linear D)
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A) True B) False
22. The two major groups of prokaryotic cells are the _______ and the _______, which diverged early in evolution. archaebacteria; eubacteria
23. Connective tissues of animals include _______, _______, and _______. bone; cartilage; adipose tissue
24. List four significant differences that distinguish prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells.

25. The formation of a phospholipid bilayer membrane around a set of macromolecules was an important step in the origin and early evolution of life. What two advantages of such a system are thought to have allowed the first cells to grow and evolve? (1) The membrane forms a (semipermeable) barrier between the interior of the cell and its environment, and (2) it allows a cell to grow and evolve as a unit, instead of existing as isolated molecules.
26. E. coli is a good model system for molecular biology studies because A) it has a small genome. B) it reproduces rapidly. C) mutants can easily be isolated from culture dishes. D) All of the above
27. A yeast cell divides in culture about every A) 20 minutes. B) 2 hours. C) 12 hours. D) 24 hours.
28. How many genes does the yeast nuclear genome contain? A) 1000 B) 6000 C) 10,000 D) 20,000
29. The adult nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans consists of _______ somatic cells. A) 95 B) 959 C) 9,590 D)
You may use the lab manual, pre-lab lectures, and credible internet resources, however you may not use your cell bio lab classmates as a resource. You will most likely see this material again on the Final and I highly encourage you to work individually and seek help from myself or your TA. Plagiarism will result in an automatic zero.
Prelab Questions Analyze prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 1.Similarities : They both have DNA as their hereditary material. They are both layer bound. They both have ribosomes. They have comparative fundamental digestion system.
To start off with, eukaryotic and prokaryotic are types of cells. Though that is an obvious similarity, they are both the smallest structure that carry out functions in organisms. In each of these
Prepared 3 beakers with contents listed below. ( a. Beaker 1: glucose only b. Beaker 2: Starch only c. Beaker 3: Starch + amylase). Poured contents of each beaker into its respective fermentation tube, ensuring the tail portion of the tube was filled with liquid. Placed tubes in an incubator at 37 degrees, measuring distance between tip of tube tail to fluid level at 20, 40, and 60 minute intervals. Calculated gas volume using this distance along with radius of tube tail.
5. Both prokaryotic cell division and eukaryotic cell division replicate their DNA and use the process of cytokinesis.
Well prokaryote is the name given to organisms that are made up from cells that lack a cell nucleus or cells that lack any membrane-encased organelles (a specialized subunit within a cell). In lamens terms, in prokaryotes, the DNA is not bound or held together inside a nucleus. Prokaryotes also only have a single loop DNA. Last but not least prokaryotes are divided into groups or domains but more about that in a minute.
Question: Q1) “All organisms are made of cells.” Is the definition of an organism a living creature made of cells? Q2) “Prokaryotic cells are structurally simple, but extremely diverse.”
Draw a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell and list 3 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Be creative in drawing, but be detailed! (1.5 point)
Edouard Chatton (cities in Soyer- Gobillard, 2006) in 1925, was first to divide cells into either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells are typically larger and include protists, plants, fungi and animal cells. They are described as ‘a type of cell with membrane-enclosed organelles and membrane-enclosed nucleus’ (Cain et al, 2014, p171). A typically smaller prokaryotic cell ‘lacks a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles’; this term includes the domains of bacteria and Archaea (Cain et al, 2014, p171).
Now that we understand the properties of life and the composition of cells, we can focus on the architecture or formation in terms of basic anatomy and physiology as our second area of exploration. The two types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) defined before have a few common things such as Plasma membrane (similar to animal cells); Cell wall (similar to plant cells); and Ribosomes, the
When life arose on Earth about 4 billion years ago, the first types of cells to evolve were prokaryotic cells. For approximately 2 billion years, prokaryotic-type cells were the only form of life on Earth. The oldest known sedimentary rocks found in Greenland are about 3.8 billion years old. The oldest known fossils are prokaryotic cells, 3.5 billion years in age, found in Western Australia and South Africa. The nature of these fossils, and the chemical composition of the rocks in which they are found, indicates that these first cells made use of simple chemical reactions to produce energy for their metabolism and growth. Eukaryotic cells evolved into being between 1.5 and 2 billion years ago. Eukaryotic cells appear to have arisen from prokaryotic cells, specifically out of the archaea. Indeed, there are many similarities in molecular biology of contemporary archaea and eukaryotes. However, the origin of the eukaryotic organelles, specifically chloroplasts and mitochondria, is explained by evolutionary associations between primitive nucleated cells and certain respiratory and photosynthetic bacteria, which led to the development of these organelles and the associated explosion of eukaryotic diversity. Today Prokaryotes
Cell movement involves both the interactions between signaling molecules and the structure of the cytoskeleton (Holmes et al., 2012). Tiny hair like structures referred to as cilia are located on the surface of eukaryotic cells. Cilia are most responsible for the movement of cells and can process external signals which coordinate the correct arrangement of the inner organs during the development of an organism. Approximately 600 different cilia proteins are synthesized inside a cell and then transported into cilium. Disruption of this transport referred to as intraflagellar transport can result in errors during the assembly of cilia (Planck, 2013). In order to fully understand cell motility one needs to know that cell movement deals with several types of motion, these include the movement of an entire cell through fluid or a macrophage crawling through tissues and engulfing foreign bacteria. Also, beating of cilia or flagella causes the movement of fluid past cells which are anchored to a solid surface (Mitchell, 2015). Even though eukaryotic cells can move in a variety of ways, the main component of motility includes protein filaments called the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of filaments which include; microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (Alberts et al., 2014). Although there are three types of filaments, this lab focuses
Prokaryote cells - bacteria and archeans. They are single celled organisms, where the DNA is not separate from the cytoplasm. These prokaryote cells formed the earliest and most primitive life on earth.
Prokaryotic cells can vary in their structure depending on where they reside, but all prokaryotic cells have certain features in common. All prokaryotic cells have a cell wall; a cell wall gives structure and shape to the cell while providing a place for the flagella to anchor. They have a plasma membrane, which is just inside the cell and serves as a
Prokaryotic Cells All living things are made of cells, and cells are the smallest units that can be alive. Life on Earth is classified into five kingdoms, and they each have their own characteristic kind of cell. However the biggest division is between the cells of the prokaryote kingdom (monera, the bacteria) and those of the other four kingdoms (animals, plants, fungi and protoctista), which are all eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells, and do not have a nucleus. Prokaryotic means 'pre-nucleus' and eukaryotic means 'true nucleus'.