Causes Of Toxic Shock Syndrome

aureus is due to several factors. It is coagulase positive which forms accesses and prevents phagocytosis. It produces several exotoxins that create different responses in the body such as exfoliative toxin which causes scalded skin syndrome and enterotoxin which causes Staphylococcal food poisoning. Exotoxins produced by S. aureus are also responsible for Toxic Shock Syndrome, which is associated with tampon use and wound packing. In general, S. aureus is resistant to penicillin and some strains are resistant to methicillin (MRSA). According to the Minnesota Department of Health, most skin infections caused by S. aureus are self-limiting and do not require antibiotic treatment, but in cases where immunity is suppressed or skin is broken due to surgery or injury, infections may require antibiotic treatment or abscess drainage to prevent more serious infection

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections, it can cause serious infections such as bloodstream infection, pneumonia or bone infections. Though it can cause infections it is part of the normal human flora it is mostly found on the skin or in nasal cavities. It is a facultative anaerobic gram positive cocci, it is usually in pairs or clusters. The bacterium is also catalase positive, oxidase

This disease can lead to severe pneumonia, diarrhea, encephalitis and in a worst case scenario could even cause death.

4. What are the symptoms: Symptoms include cramps, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting and urinary tract infections.

Shock is a collapse of Circulatory function caused by severe injury, blood loss, or disease, and characterized by pallor sweating, weak pulse, and very low blood pressure .There are three basic types of shock. Cardiogenic Shock [includes tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponede and pulmonary embolism] which is caused by the heart failing to pump as designed. Distributive shock [includes septic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock and psychogenic shock] which is caused by poor vessel function. Lastly we have hypovolemic shock [includes hemorrhagic shock and non hemorrhagic shock]. Cardiogenic shock is basically shock that is cardiac in nature. It is also the end off of the road for all other causes of shock. Cardiogenic shock

Venkataraman, Ramesh, and Michael R. Pinsky. "Toxic Shock Syndrome." Medscape. 16 July 2010. Web. 17 Oct. 2011. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/169177- overview>.

How is Toxic Shock caused? Well its is caused by many ways. The first way could be cause is by a bacterial infection. The other way it could be caused would be your body might produce a little much of Staphylococcus Aureus bacterium. Another way could be the use of Tampons for women. The Tampon can scratch the vagina creating an opening for bacteria to get into your bloodstream. The last thing could be women who are menstruating or just had a baby.

Septic shock is a type of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, or SIRS, (Heuther & McCance, 2012, p. 632) secondary to a documented infection (Hadjiliadis et al., 2014). The process of septic shock is as follows: sepsis, followed by severe sepsis, then septic shock, and finally multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, or MODS (Heuther & McCance, 2012). The clinical manifestations of each individual, which will be discussed later, depend on where they fall in this process. It should also be noted that septic shock can affect any part of the body, such as the heart, brain, and intestines (Hadjiliadis et al.,

Septic shock is the stage of sepsis when multiple organ failure is evident and uncontrolled bleeding of the body occurs. Septic shock results from the complication of an infection where toxins initiate a full body inflammatory response. Viral, fungal, and bacterial infections can all lead to septic shock, but the most common causes of sepsis are gram- negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria. Sepsis causes severe hypovolemic shock and hypodynamic cardiac function to affect the body, platelets and clotting factors are consumed and thus the body cannot clot blood. Capillary leak occurs and cardiac contractility is poor from cellular ischemia (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2011). For a person to be diagnosed with septic shock, they must have symptoms

Blood and pus trickled out of these unusual swellings, which were followed by a host of other irksome symptoms - chills, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, horrible aches and pains - and then, in short order, loss of life.

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is a protein encoded by tstH gene (H refers to human isolate) present on the bacterial chromosome within a mobile genetic element called staphylococcal pathogenicity island 1. TSST-1 is translated as a precursor protein with 234 amino acids and secreted after cleavage of 40 amino acids signal sequence located at its amino terminus. The mature protein of TSST-1 is a 22-30 kDa single- chain polypeptide including 194 amino acid residues (Cathleen A.E. et al., 1998; Debra L.M. et al., 1996). The 3D structures of TSST-1 and various mutants are known as they have been crystallized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. TSST-1 is composed of two domains. Domain A consists of N-terminal α-helix (α-1) (residues 1-17) surrounded by five β-strands (residues 18-89).

The release of two exotoxins from certain strains of S. aureus can lead to Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome (SSSS), which is characterized by blistering skin. Invasion into the body can lead to more serious health problems including pneumonia (a frequent complication of influenza), mastitis, phlebitis (inflammation of the veins), meningitis, and urinary tract infections. If the bacterium is allowed to colonize even deeper tissues more serious conditions such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis may result. The most serious consequences of these deeper tissue infections occur when the bacterium invades the bloodstream leading to septic shock and possibly death.

When symptoms of SM occur it could be deadly. Symptoms include:skin lesions, Urticaria Pigmentosa, facial flushing, itching, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, ulcers in the stomach small intestine, headache, lightheadedness, heart palpitations, bone pain, anemia, and psychological changes.

Mouth, eye, skin, joint, and vascular complications (related to the inflammatory activity of the disease).

Septic shock results from bacteria that multiply in the blood and then releases toxins that decrease blood pressure, thus, impairing blood flow to cells, tissues and organs. It is an acute infection, usually systemic, that overwhelms the body (toxic shock syndrome) (Huether & Mccance, 2012). This