Case Study for Chf

14. Make sure you are honest with patients about your responsibility to pass on information about potential and

There are also other racial health factors mainly about African Americans versus Whites. African Americans have more chronic health problems than other groups as well as coronary heart disease. The factors that contribute to these are higher smoking, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. This can be related to being easily targeted for destressors. Blacks can have higher smoking due to how cotinine is processed and “found at a higher level in the blood of blacks than of white” and their preference for menthol cigarettes.

Cardiovascular disease, mainly coronary heart disease and stroke, is the leading cause of death among all racial and ethnic groups in the United States. A disproportionate number of people in minority and low-income populations die or become disabled from cardiovascular disease. The death rate for coronary heart disease for the nation decreased by 20% from 1987 to 1995, but for blacks, the overall decrease was only 13 percent. The coronary heart disease mortality rate for Asian Americans was 40% lower than whites, but 40% higher for blacks in 1995. High blood pressure and hypertension can increase the risk for coronary heart disease, and it has been shown that racial minorities have higher rates of hypertension, tend to develop hypertension at an earlier age, and are less likely to receive treatment for high blood pressure. Also, only 50% of American Indians, 44% of Asian

According to the office of the minority health, approximately 48% of African American women and 44% of African American men suffer from some form of the cardiovascular disease which includes heart disease and stroke and adults are 40 percent more likely to have high blood pressure while the women are 1.6 times more likely to die from heart diseases and complications than other ethnic groups (The Office of Minority Health, 2016).

Mexican American’s seem to have more traits that increase the risk of cardiovascular issues, (Winkleby) than white adults. According, to the article Mexican American are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease due to certain sub-factors. These factors contain an uncontrolled hypertension and being below the poverty line. Being below

The propensity for specific disease processes are found when analyzing a client’s family tree history. Typically, completing a genogram with at least three generations can show which disease processes show a pattern in a specific family tree. As figure 1 shows, the current generation has a predisposition for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. The history complied spans four generations, with three generations on the paternal side, father, grandfather, grandmother, and great-grandfather, contracting heart disease, either suffering from a heart attack, having high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. On the maternal side, there is little information past the second generation. However,

African Americans are more likely to eat a lot of greasy, fat food, and hardly every think about working out. Most importantly African American men are less likely to go to the doctor and check on themselves. This causes more heart

Heart disease can then lead to heart attack and/or stroke and later, potentially, death. The prevalence of these risk factors in minority populations can be attributed to a multitude of social determinants including but not limited to income, education, access to care, and genetics/physiology. Plaque build up in arteries leads to the most common cause of cardiovascular disease, and this is influenced by diet, exercise, smoking, and weight.

Hypertension is also a risk factor that plays a role in congestive heart failure. According to WebMD, high rates of high blood pressure in African-Americans may be due to the genetic make-up of people of African descent. It is stated that about 41% of blacks in the United States have high blood pressure compared to the 21% of whites with high blood pressure. Also blacks living in the United States are known to have the highest obesity rate than of any other country.

High blood pressure and high cholesterol are two major risk factors for heart disease. About half of U.S. adults with high blood pressure and nearly 2 out of 3 U.S. adults with high cholesterol don 't have their condition yet under control (CDC/Vital Signs)

There are many risk factors that one should take into consideration. Having high blood pressure, being inactive and overweight are both very high risk factors. If a family member has diabetes or if a person is African, American Indian, Asian, Pacific Islander, Hispanic or Latino descent, they also have a greater risk of the disease.

The underlying risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity and an atherogenic diet. The major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in this syndrome are smoking, hypertension, increased LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol, aging and a family history of coronary events. The emerging risk factors are increased triglycerides, small LDL particles, insulin resistance, a pro inflammatory and prothrombotic state as well as glucose intolerance. The combination of these factors in one person is a predictor of that person having a future cardiovascular event or the onset of type 2 diabetes (Meigs, 2010). With so many risk factors laying down a set of defined parameters can be daunting. It is no wonder researchers often argue over set guidelines. However with more and more people developing these problems, it is necessary to start somewhere.

Family history – Often members of the same family will have angina, a positive family history is considered in people who have a first degree relative who has developed coronary artery disease before the age of 50.

The Surgeon General has called it "the leading preventable cause of disease and deaths in the United States." Smoking is among the top preventable risk factors of heart disease amongst many other health problems. Coronary heart disease and strokes are the primary types of cardiovascular disease caused by smoking. They rank as the first and third leading causes of death in the United States. More than 61 million Americans suffer from some form of cardiovascular disease. Smoking increases your risk for high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and aneurysms to name a few. More than 2,600 Americans die every day from cardiovascular diseases.

Smoking causes stroke and coronary heart disease, which are among the leading causes of death in the United States.