FACTS
Morton and Adrienne Goldfine were a husband and wife living in Peoria, Illinois who filed this case in 1983. The case dealt with the taxable years of 1972 and 1973, for which the Goldfines filed joint federal income tax returns. Morton Goldfine was a practicing attorney making between $100,000 and $150,000 a year. Richard Blackard was the president and sole shareholder of Blackard Construction Company, an Illinois housing construction company. Blackard purchased 112 acres of farm land in Decatur, Illinois for the purposes of building single-family and multi-unit residences called the Yorkshire apartments (Yorkshire). In the process of constructing the residences, Blackard incurred substantial debts and encountered cash flow
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The losses, including depreciation, were reallocated prior to the filing of this case.
ISSUES
• Whether certain allocations of partnership income, gain, loss, deductions, and credits have substantial economic effect and whether that has any impact on the partners’ distributive shares.
RULES
IRC §702(a) emphasizes that partners must report their distributive shares of partnership income. §704(a) says that the partnership agreement determines the partner’s distributive shares of income, gain, loss, deductions, and credits, pursuant to the limitations set forth in §704(b). Such limitations were calculated and phrased in terms of the “tax avoidance test” prior to 1976. This test stated that allocations of income, gain, loss, deductions, or credits would be disregarded if the principal purpose for said allocations was tax avoidance per §704(b)(2). In 1976, a new “substantial economic effect” test was adopted in 1976 to determine the limitations relating to a partner’s distributive share. §702(a)(9) requires an allocation of bottom line income or loss to have economic substance that reflects the actual division of such items when viewed from an economic rather than a tax viewpoint. Regulation §1.704-1(b)(2) states that in determining whether a special allocation has a principal purpose of avoidance or evasion of Federal income tax, a facts and circumstances test must be considered. Such a test involves asking a series of questions
If the Partnership makes a Distribution then BOTH the Capital Account and the Tax Basis are REDUCED by the amount of the Distribution.
This protects the limited partners from the full liability that is shared by the general partners. Income Taxes – The limited partner’s profits are considered personal income and taxed as such. All profits from the limited partnership are considered personal income and taxed at their personal tax rates. Longevity / Continuity – The continuity of the business is not affected by the death or disassociation of a limited partner. An advantage for a limited partner is that the limited partner’s investment takes priority in the general partnership dissolves due to a death or disassociation of one of the general partners.
Without a partnership agreement, loss of income and profits are split between partners that wish. The partners then report individual amounts divided in their tax returns, pay taxes accordingly. Gains and losses are passed directly to shareholders, with each LLP partner personally liable only for its own negligence or the negligence of an employee who is under the direct supervision of the partners. The other
The Commissioner assessed that the transfer of shares was not a true reorganization under section 112 because it was intended only to avoid taxes, which does not fall under section 112. More so, it was a sale.
Profit retention – In a partnership profit and losses are shared unless partners agree to
Statute of limitations question. Piano purchased in 1957, not applicable to 1964 return; SOL tolled.
31. Know that a partnership agreement usually includes, the division of profits and losses between the partners, partnership salaries or withdrawals, the duties of the partners, all the responses are correct.
11. [LO 1] Absent any special elections, what effect does a sale of partnership interest have on the partnership?
Part VI: Discuss, in detail, how the individuals are taxed (if at all) with respect to the net profits from this entity and what filing requirements they will each have with the IRS. Individuals in a partnership are normally liable for filing personal income taxes, self-employment taxes and estimated taxes for themselves, according to the Internal Revenue Service. Each individual will file a Schedule K-1. The partnership itself is not responsible for paying taxes. The credits and
Rosemarie Seider-Paquin was kind enough to come into class and share what she does for a living. I am lucky enough to have previously seen and spoken to her in a previous class. Although I have no desire to work in a prosecutor's office it is still important to know how the system works and functions. She spoke about the different judges that the county has including Alan Jackson. She has been in the gloucester county prosecutor's office for over 14 years and spent a majority of those years in the domestic violence unit. The county has 30 different detectives and many different units that help the justice system. Her specific job is to comfort the victims and ensure their protection. She informs the victim of new information about the trail and she teaches them how the system works so they don’t get overwhelmed.
The Private Equity Partnerships (PEPs) agreement contains mechanisms to align the interest of general partners (GPs) with those of the limited partners (LPs): performance incentives and direct means of control. In the case of Accel VII, we are interested in how the performance incentives align both the interest of the general and limited partners. They include the terms of the general partners’ compensation structure and calculations of management fees and carried interest. These details can significantly affect the general partners’ incentive to engage in behavior that does not maximize value for investors.
Liability All liabilities are the responsibility of each partner. In the event of litigation, any creditors can go after the personal assets of each partner to recover any debt owed. But since liability is spread out between the owners, one may feel less risk is being taken. 2. Income Taxes General partnership may also benefit from pass-through taxation, meaning the partners are taxed like sole proprietors. Business income is reported on the personal tax filing while business losses can be deducted to reduce personal tax liability. The partnership itself is not subject to federal income tax. However the partnership needs to file an information return utilizing the IRS Form 1065. 3. Longevity or continuity of the organization Once the partnership agreement is fulfilled, the general partnership may dissolve. A buy/sell agreement may be included in the articles of the partnership to allow the
• PROFIT RETENTION – Limited partners usually receive a specified amount of profit that is predetermined in an agreement or based on the contribution of the partner. • LOCATION – Limited partners have no say in expansion or relocation of the company in which they are partners with. • CONVENIENCE/BURDEN – One convenience of having limited
Profit retention- The general partners share profit and losses equally. The limited partner(s) will receive a amount of profit according to their investment and any agreements.
As a hybrid of partnerships and corporations, LLC’s provide limited liability for debts and flexibility to be taxed as a partnership or corporation (Staring and Naming a Business Presentation, 2012, Slide 5). Some specific advantages include being empowered authorities in the management of the business, diversity of members, limited liability, pass-through taxation, and less paperwork (appreciated by many). A drawback of this business structure is the need for a tailored operating agreement that specifies the specific needs of the