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Cardiovascular Risk Lab Report

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What is risk and why would you predict it?
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading global causes for mortality and morbidity.1 Cardiovascular risk is a calculation that is performed to determine someone's absolute risk of having a cardiovascular event occur within the next ten years.1 Cardiovascular risk is determined using a number of independent cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) which are then incorporated into a risk score and used to determine absolute risk.1-4 These CVRF are biological traits as well as behavioural traits such as age, lipid levels, blood pressure, smoking and blood sugar levels.1-4 Cardiovascular risk scores are most useful in determining the risk of an entire population as opposed to the risk of a specific individual.5 At this current point in time there are three methods for calculating risk namely risk charts, a non-laboratory-based risk calculation, and screening for subclinical cardiac disease.1 …show more content…

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) reflects arterial stiffness, or the rate at which pressure waves move down a vessel.6 It is currently considered the gold standard for calculating arterial stiffness due to its simplicity as well as accuracy and ease of reproducibility.7
PWV can be determined in different ways: PWV can be calculated using the equation: PWV = L/ΔT
If you measure the pulse transit time from the pressure waveforms at two sites along a vascular segment. The distance(L) is then taken and is divided by the wave foot-to-foot time(ΔT) taken for the forward wave to reach the end measuring point.7

PWV can also be calculated using the equation: PWV =√((Einc * h)/2rρ) where,7,8
Einc =the incremental elastic modulus of the vessel h = vessel wall

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