Essay on Cancer

A prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is cancer that forms in tissue in that gland, it usually occurs in older men. Cancer comes in forms of tumors, which is an abnormal growth of cells. Malignant tumors are the cancerous tumors of the two different types of tumors. Can cause pain and interfere with normal function, but they can also cause other systems in the body to act abnormally. Malignant tumors can invade nearby groups of cells or tissues, crowding out and destroying normal cells.

In sequence one I found that it was the protein BRCA2. This protein is responsible for repairing DNA, it is a tumor suppressor gene. A tumor suppressor helps cells from growing and dividing too quickly and out of control. BRCA2 also helps regulate cytokinesis. If something is wrong with this protein at any point, there can be a risk to develop breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer. BRCA2 is involved in the maintenance of genome stability, specifically the homologous recombination for DNA repair. More than one thousand eight hundred cases have been presented to doctors for breast cancer. It has been found to come in clusters with families, but not always. Men are at risk of prostate cancer at an early age and is said to be very aggressive. Men

Prostaspheres containing stem and undifferentiated progenitor cells were dispersed, combined with inductive urogenital sinus mesenchyme from an embryonic rat and grafted under the renal capsule of adult male nude mice [#3549]. At one month, the engrafted cells had formed normal prostate-like structures with differentiated human prostate epithelium that expressed prostate specific antigen (PSA). Once mature tissues formed, treatment of the host with elevated estradiol levels with testosterone support induced lesions in the human prostate epithelium over time, progressing from hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia and high-grade PIN to adenocarcinoma at a low incidence by 4 months. To test whether BPA could influence this process, host mice were orally exposed to low doses of BPA (peak unconjugated BPA levels of ~0.4 to 1.3 ng/ml) during the first two weeks following stem-progenitor cell engraftment to recapitulate developmental exposure. The incidence of malignancy in the human prostate epithelium significantly increased from 13% in oil-exposed controls to 33-36% in tissues briefly exposed to BPA followed by 2-4 months of elevated estradiol with testosterone. This further increased to 45% cancerous lesions when the PS cells were exposed to BPA in vitro followed by 2 weeks of in vivo

Testicular cancer is very rare it, and prostate cancer it can affect males age 15-35. Risk factors are history of one or both testes fail to descend, family history and is more common in white male than African American men. Treatments for prostate cancer depend on the aggressiveness of cancer and can range from surgery, radiation, and hormonal therapy. BPH treatments depend on the severity of is symptoms although it cannot be cured medications can help to shrink the prostate and surgical removal of the central part of the prostate can relive the symptoms, close monitoring until symptoms become a problem. BPH is caused by increased levels of testosterone at occur normally with increasing age, and is the most common cause of urinary obstruction of men 40 and older. Prostate cancer it is not entirely understood but it is caused by an unregulated growth of prostate cells, and is the most common male cancer. Common risk factors are hereditary; an increase age of 50 and older and is more commonly found in African American men then white. Treatments for testicular cancer depend on type of cancer or malignant or non-malignant, and stage of cancer but may include removal of the testicle and nearby lymph nodes sometimes fallowed by radiation

Prostate cancer is abnormal cells that grow within the prostate gland and can spread to other body systems. Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate gland start to grow uncontrollably. The prostate is a gland found only in males. It makes some of the fluid that is part of semen. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States and the fourth leading cause of death in black men overall. Studies show that black males are more than twice likely to die of prostate cancer than other counterparts.

Causative Organism(s): Human papillomavirus known as HPV is a Papovavirus that is transmitted sexually. It is in fact one of the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States, it comes in hundred different forms and affects the body in different ways. Some forms of it can cause warts while others may cause cervical changes that may lead to cancer (4). HPV can infect both man and woman but only causes cancer in females. Although HPV seems to have a more severe effect on women than men it still places both in danger. Men can unknowingly be carriers of the virus that can affect the woman severely, therefore both men and women have to take responsibility to decrease the spread of HPV (5). HPV is a small unenveloped virus with

Although epidemiological studies, so far, do not support an association between total cholesterol and prostate cancer survival, an association between

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in American men after skin cancer. There are many risk factors that increase the disease such as age, being the far most important risk factor, along with race, family history and diet (ASCO, 2015). The prostate is a walnut shaped gland of the male reproductive system that functions to create part of the semen, which is fluid in which sperm swim in when ejaculation occurs. It is located inferior to the bladder, anterior to the rectum, surrounding the urethra. For this reason, when a prostate becomes abnormal, many signs and symptoms manifest themselves when a male urinates. When the prostate becomes enlarged by cancer or any other disease, it blocks the neck of the urethra causing a weak stream,

Meanwhile, in addition to the male's occupation, radiation exposure and age can lead to breast cancer developments ( National Cancer Institute, 2007). When these risk factors are revealed in a diagnoses of breast cancer, men have more advanced cancerous growths than women (Giordano, 2004). So men may think, how do I get breast cancer? Is it inherited?

cause as it takes a long time for a cell to become cancerous, as there

Prostatic carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in males and the second leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality [12]. Although the precise underlying mechanisms of prostatic carcinogenesis have not been fully understood yet, it is supposed that prostatic carcinoma results from a combination of genetic and environmental

8. After surgery, R.T. is admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) with a large

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death by cancer for men in the U.S. It mostly affects African- American men than men of other races. In addition, those men who suffer from prostate cancer would not know that they are affected until they participate in a health checkup or conduct self-diagnoses. A healthy prostate gland should be about the size of a walnut or smaller depend on individuals. According, to a cancer research center stated about why men are more likely to get cancer “… men were more likely to die from any of the cancers investigated in the report, and … were also more likely to develop the disease in the first place” (Arney, 2009). Also, men are more likely to die from any kind of cancer

There are men who can be in a percentile of having prostate cancer and unaware of what is going on with their body do to the lack of knowledge about prostate cancer. One main reason most men are unaware of the dangers of this illness is because it is not talked about enough amongst their peers. The advertisement is very veg to whom prostate cancer effects and may not be advertised enough. According to cancer.org there are about one in every seven men that will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in the ages of 65 and older, and it is rare before age 40. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men, behind only lung cancer. About one in every 36 men diagnosed will die of prostate cancer. Just as all men have a prostate all men should be aware of what the terms and symptoms of prostate cancer are and what can be done to help slow this growing illness.

In recent years, cancer prevalence has been increasing globally. It is now one of the top 10 causes of death among the middle and high income countries worldwide (World Health Organisation, 2008). In Singapore, cancer has surpassed cardiovascular disease and become the top killer over the last 3 years (Ministry of Health, 2007). Breast cancer tops the chart among Singaporean women (Health Promotion Board, 2007). Thousands of women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually and it causes approximately 270 deaths each year (Jara-Lazaro, et al., 2010). The lifetime risk that a woman in Singapore getting breast cancer is now 1 in every 17 which has risen compared to past two decades (National Cancer Centre Singapore, 2006). Hence, breast