INTRODUCTION
Cancer is a serious public health issue worldwide, due to its increasing prevalence. Annually there are more than eight million new cases of cancer in the world, however there has been significant progress in the treatment methods. Of the total cases, around 40% of patients will receive curative benefit from surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination modality (1). The choice of cancer treatment will depend on its location, extent, relationship with neighboring anatomical structures, involvement of the lymphatic chain and physical condition of the patient.
According to Irish et al. (2006), 5% of all newly diagnosed cancers are malignant tumors of the head and neck. Radiotherapy is one of the most used therapeutic modalities to treat this type of cancer and may be associated or not with surgery or chemotherapy. However, despite the radiotherapy achieve only cancer cells target, it can cause harmful side effects in normal cells of the irradiated zone, affecting the quality of life of the patient or even changing the evolution of the treatment itself. The main side effects resulting from radiotherapy in the oral cavity occur in the skin, mucosa, bone, salivary glands and teeth, and some of the most frequent complications include xerostomia, mucositis, dysphagia, candidiasis, among others. Thus, the dentist has a key role in the multidisciplinary team of cancer treatment, helping to minimize the frequency and the morbidity of the complications from the
From surgery to radium exposure to such extremes as radiation therapy, as doctors’ knowledge of the varying types of cancer, and the expansion of medical research regarding cancer has changed, so has the preferred method of treatment. Doctors and researchers dedicated to studying cancer have led to a greater understanding of cancer development; consequently the development of treatments and cures that are more effective, less harmful, have fewer side effects, and in some cases serve to prevent the spread of cancer.
Oral mucositis is one of most debilitating side effects of common cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It affects about 10-40% of patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tumors and up to 100% of those undergoing high dose radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Oral mucositis is painful and may result in dose reductions, treatment delays, or treatment discontinuation, which in turn can affect the outcome of anticancer therapy. Moreover, extensive oral mucositis may limit adequate nutritional intake and necessitate hospitalization for parenteral nutrition and narcotic analgesics, increasing the cost of anticancer therapy and impairing the patients’ quality of life. Management of oral mucositis generally involves good oral hygiene, systemic analgesics, and preventive
In the United States alone, there was an estimated 1,685,210 new cases of cancer and an estimated of 595,690 people will die from the disease in 2016 ("Cancer Statistics”). Cancer is a very common aliment that affects men, women, children, and all races and ethnicities. There are many different types of cancers, and cancer research has been a focal point for many scientists. There are various treatments that a cancer patient to undergo. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune therapy are among the most common ones. Each treatment works differently, and has different positive and negative side effects.
It is no secret that cancer is leading cause of death in the world. It was estimated that in 2012, 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred worldwide and 8.2 million people died as a result of cancer [1]. Cancer prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate, yet the progress of treatment has been slow, with benefits of treatment being measured in only months or even weeks. Most patients with a specific type of cancer at a certain stage will receive the exact same form of treatment, but it has been made clear that while the treatment works well for some, it does not for a significant amount of others. The treatment that patients receive today is based on
Surgery is the oldest type of treatment for cancer. In its earlier use, surgery was not as successful as it is today. This was due to the difficulties involved with the anesthesias, excessive blood loss,
So many people are affected by cancer each year in the US. And too many are dying from it. Each year, about 1.2 million people are affected by cancer in the US. And each year, about 556,000 die from it. Sadly, most of these cancer cases could have been prevented. According to WHO.com, around one third of deaths from cancer are due to behavioral and dietary habits. Therefore, if people were to watch what they ate, and avoid unhealthy behaviors, the death rate due to cancer would drop significantly, as would the total number of cancer cases. A natural and healthy diet, followed by healthy choices and behaviors, could also help a patient who is diagnosed with cancer to shrink the tumor, or get rid of it permanently, such as in the case of my parents ' dear friend, Ms. Gloria Lopez, or Ms. Gloria, as my brothers and I call her.
Cancer is a disease that has taken the world by storm. When chromosomes begin to mutate, they build up and cause a mass to form in or on a person’s body, which eventually turns into cancer. Because of the severity and recurrence of this potentially fatal disease, scientists have been dedicating their time in hopes of finding a cure. Of all the forms of treatment patients undergo, the most familiar of them would be chemotherapy. Even though it is most commonly used, there has been debate on whether chemotherapy is the best treatment option. When treating cancer, there are more options to improve the chance of living and quality of life that does not include chemotherapy.
A nation-wide sickness known as Cancer impacts countless lives day-by-day. Many people do not realize how Cancer develops, nor the symptoms it brings. Cancer is developed and formed in many ways; the function of the cell cycle impacts it greatly controlling the division of cells throughout the body.
Cancer is an abnormal growth of body cells, which can starts anywhere in the body. When the cancer develops, the body’s cell regeneration system breakdown. The cells become more abnormal and form the tumor. Cancerous tumors are malignant which means they can spread into the surrounding tissues and travel to the distant places in the body through the blood and lymphatic system (National Cancer Institute, 2015). There are more than 100 types of cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer, brain tumor, lymphedema, leukemia, colon cancer, skin cancer and others. Symptoms of cancer depends upon the type of cancer and organ involvement. There are many type of treatments for cancer which depends on the type and stage of cancer. Some people may have only one type of treatment while other may have combination of surgery and chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy and stem sell transplant ( National Institute of Cancer, 2015). This paper will describe an approach to care for cancer, diagnosis and staging of cancer. It will also explain the treatment, complications and side effects and methods to lessen physical and psychological effects due to the cancer.
In today’s society, cancer is a deadly disease that takes the lives of thousands upon thousands of people every year. It can occur in any part of the human body, such as in the lungs, stomach, and heart. Someone having cancer is a difficult situation that is not very easy to overcome. The reason is because cancer is known for having a “cellular reproduction” that does not end (Mader 134). Furthermore, the reason why most people usually get cancer is due to a large percentage of cigarettes being used. This is one of the most common tobacco products that cause people to have cancer, as it contains a mixture of different chemicals. Each year people will smoke cigarettes, and later they begin to feeling sick in an instant. This paper will discussed
Cancer is a word that most everyone fears. It affects millions of lives on an everyday basis. However, breast cancer seems to grab more attention due to its recurrence. According to an article in Opposing Viewpoints, breast cancer is a disease in which abnormal breast cells begin to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. Breast cancer is highly common amongst today’s society, and has sparked much research in the medical field worldwide.
There are various kinds of diseases that have been found in the world. Some of these diseases are treatable while others are life-threatening. Cancer is one of the life-threatening leading causes of disease in the United States of America. Because of cancer thousands upon thousands of people die each year. Cancer is the disease where normal body cells become abnormal cells and divide uncontrollably in a certain part of the body. These abnormal divisions of cells to form a lump known as tumor. As the lump grows it starts to damage the adjacent cells or organs and if the tumor cells are left untreated it becomes cancerous. Cancer cells are disorganized cells so the cancer cells can break through or invade into a normal tissue. Cancer cell can
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its frequency continues to rise (Neal Megahan). Each year 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from the disease (Neal Megahan). More than half of the people that discover they are diagnosed with cancer, eventually die from this disease. Cancer is a prevailing issue that needs to be further studied because of how it affects individuals psychologically, physically, and its impacts on daily life.
Beep! beep! beep! That is the sound you will hear in any hospital room - that was the sound my family and I heard every Thursday morning for eight years. Cancer is a word that no one wants to hear. It is a word that brings hope, anger, denial, and fear. Cancer - cancer changes your life. You learn what is important, not to waste your time, and to tell people you love them.
Cancer is a deadly disease. Not only can it take the life of the person that get this disease. It can take the lives of family and friends who try to be caregivers for their love, ones. Even though family and friends can be good caregivers for love, ones with cancer if they receive the proper educational training. Some people are unable to be caregivers for cancer patients, because being caregivers for patients with cancer are too emotionally, financially, and physically demanding for family and friends.