Final EXAM Part II: A Brutus vs Publius the Dangers and Benefits of a Large Republic
Both AntiFederalists and Federalists wanted to secure liberty but clashed in their opinions on whether a large republic would achieve this end. Antifederalists saw large republics as historically flawed, impractical, undemocratic and dangerous to liberty. Brutus attempted to build his case against consolidating the United States into one large republic by first citing the political writings of Montesquieu. “‘…[In] a large republic the public good is sacrificed to [only] a thousand views…[but] [in] a small one, the interests of the public is easier perceived,…[and] abuses are of less extent…”” (EA pg. 111). Montesquieu asserted that large republics typically failed, because a few wealthy aristocrats would assume power and make decisions in their own interests at the expense of the other citizens. To prevent abuse of power and maintain the will of the people a republic had to remain small in size. Brutus contended history supported Montesquieu by claiming the historic downfalls of the free governments of Greece and Rome were attributed to their expansions into large republics (EA pg 111). In addition, Brutus claimed tyranny resulted from the inability and impracticality of a large republic to remain truly democratic and representative of the will of the people. Brutus argued the people are the ultimate sovereigns in a free government who give their assent to the laws through elected
America is an incredibly vast, diverse country, and has been this way for hundreds of years. The sheer size of America, even when it was only composed of thirteen states with a total population of nearly three million people (Brutus, essay 1, p. 64), concerned many Americans in the 1780s, due to this inquiry: was America simply too large for a republican style government to work? Many anti-federalists claimed that republics could only work on a small scale, while the federalists believed that having a large republic was the only way to go and would be beneficial to the public good. Before this time, history furnished no examples of a well-functioning republic as big as America, so the federalists and anti federalists were stepping into a completely new untouched territory.
After the fall of Tarquinius Superbus’ reign of Rome, the Brutus and Collatinus led patrician revolution leads to the beginning of a new era in Roman history: the republic. The early republic is mostly a patrician favoring institute and created it in order “to restore power and privileges that popular royal tyrants had usurped from them” and to make it “difficult for any one aristocrat to acquire too much power at the expense of the rest” (Ward 59). Greek historian, Polybius, in his book, Histories, talks about the greatness of this Roman republic and its constitution by claiming: “Now the elements by which the Roman constitution was controlled were three in number, … and all aspects of the administration were, taken separately, so fairly
I honestly feel like I am too young and inexperienced towards most political issues, but I think Brutus totally had the right ideas in their Anti-Federalist No. 1 essay, because their ideas still apply today. I think the Brutus was referring to the first two-centuries when he discusses how the world will gain knowledge and make advancements. During that time period, it really seemed like it was role model of freedom and hope to the rest of the world. In other words, the U.S. seemed to be rich with so much freedom, that people around the world liked the idea of freedom so much, they decided to immigrate here. That is how much influence the U.S. had on other countries. However in recent times, political leaders wonder if any parts of the U.S.
The citizens of Rome begin to see Brutus’s way of thinking and they understand that he really did think of the good of the people while making his decision. They also understand that Brutus was not thinking selfishly like they had assumed, but logically. This helps them to trust him more because he thought about the situation in an unbiased way. The plebeians respond to Brutus’s explanation by saying, “Live, Brutus, live, live! / Bring him with triumph home unto his house… This Caesar was tyrant. / Nay, that’s certain. / We are blessed that Rome is rid of him” (III.ii.49-50 and 75-77). The Plebeians learn that Brutus had honest intentions and they respect and praise him for it. The knowledge that Brutus was selfless enough to kill his friend in order to save them from tyranny, earns their respect. A final situation where this theme is developed is during the events surrounding the death of Brutus.
Also Caesar and Brutus have extremely strong reputations. Reputation is defined as the estimation in which a person or thing is held, by the community or the public generally. Caesar got his reputation by his ability to command and take over. “And then he offered it the third time. He put it the third time by, and still he refused it (I.ii.241-242). Casca says that he saw Antony offering Caesar the crown three times by the approval of all the citizens of Rome. People usually only get the crown offered to them once but Caesar got it offered to him three times so it proves that the citizens of Rome love Caesar so much that they gave him more chances then he needed. Though Caesar has a strong reputation Brutus also has a reputation but he has the stronger reputation of the two. Brutus got his reputation by where he came from and what his family has done in the past. “Brutus had rather be a villager” (I.ii.172). When Brutus states that he would rather be a villager rather than have power, he means that if Caesar continues to rule he would he could not tolerate Caesar’s tyranny. This shows the power Brutus has by implying, that if Caesar was chosen for king he would abuse his authority. Reputation is a huge thing but if others do not know how to control it they should not be given that power.
It is clear that the dynamics that characterized Rome’s society during the Republic were never easy. There was a constant push and pull of intentions and interests between Patricians and Plebeians. The Patricians always wanting to maintain economic and political supremacy while the Plebeians were in constant
Instructions: Copy and paste the following text into a document or create a document that
He states that if there is not similar interests among the people in a large republic then there will be continuous disagreements against each other.
Some policies and institutions of the Roman Republic were useful to help them succeed in conquering first Italy and then the Mediterranean world. Before of the institution of the republic, the romans were a monarchy since their beginning and they were basically a pastoral people. Rome suffer several changes and improvements under the control of the Etruscan kings. The Etruscan were civilization settled north of Rome in Etruria, and they once had control over almost all the Italic peninsula. The Etruscans influences in Rome were profound, they transformed Rome from a pastoral community to a city (91). The Etruscan built the street and roads that help the development of temples, markets, shops, streets, and houses. They basically brought urbanization to Rome. It is fairly to say that the Rome republic was a fusion between the elements of the Etruscan civilization and the Rome elements. The combination of the different political institutions and policies made the Romans succeed in their conquest territories.
By definition, noble is having moral character, courage, generosity, honor and bravery to do what is right. It is finding the truth and reason in everything that happens around you. Many of the characters in Julius Caesar have a selfish goal to gain more power and wealth. For instance, Julius Caesar was a great general, but he only cared about ruling Rome. Cassius was a smart and wise man, but he wanted Caesar’s death out of envy and jealousy. Many of the senators, who were involved in Caesar`s assassination, hated watching him take over Rome, and many Romans thought of him as their rival. Except for one noble senator named Brutus, who was different from the other senators and fought only for Rome
Brutus uses anaphora to persuade the Plebeians that the Roman Republic is more
Brutus’s patriotism enables him to be a strong leader because his desire for a strong republic is based on his devotion to the Roman citizens and not selfishness, like Caesar was. His debate of
He also brought up the fact that the large republic could not incorporate all the views of the small republics. The government would be too far away to even care about the concerns of a small town thousands of miles away. Brutus also thought that the government would only consist of the wealthy “elite” people and wouldn’t represent the needs of the common people. (Brutus 1).
A republic, like Rome, moves at a maddeningly slow pace. Legislation is put through a system of checks and balances where rivals debate ad nauseum over proposed policies. In a perfect world, this ensures that only which is most beneficial for the state and her peoples becomes a reality. A Tyrant, however, can accomplish a great deal in only a short amount of time. A good leader, like Augustus, can propel his people forward unhindered by the chains of a republic. The Roman people, according to Tacitus: “prefered the security of the current regime to the dangers of old” (Yardley 2008, 3). Even if it lacked freedom, many were willing to submit to an empire if it meant stability and security.
The Roman Republic was a “democratic” republic, which allowed first citizens to vote, and to choose their governors in the senate (Hence, their consuls). However, it was a nation ruled by its aristocracy, and, consequently, the entire Republic`s power was concentrated in a few individuals. Furthermore, the Senate was controlled by Patricians, which directed the government by using wealth to buy control and power over the decisions of the senate and the consuls. This situation aroused the inconformity of the people; as result, a civil war took place in the Republic (destroying it), and then the Roman Empire was born.