Brain On Fire Analysis

This article begins by discussing the history of mental illness, going as far back as the 1700s. It goes over professionals in the field, the incidence rate, and treatments, all of this from the different time periods throughout the United States. The author also makes a point to acknowledge the different perceptions there were in the past of mental

Susannah Cahalan, a 24 year old, healthy and successful journalist for the New York post, experienced an acute onset of psychosis. Symptoms ranged from paranoia to seizures, which eventually led to a catatonic state. The onset of the female’s symptoms occurred when she became paranoid of a bed bug infestation in her home, yet after having her home exterminated there was no indication of bedbugs. Concern arose from her nonexistent appetite and severe insomniac behaviors. She began noticing her own erratic behaviors and shortly after experienced her first seizure episode. In search of an answer to reoccurring seizures she went to a physician who put her on Keppra (an antiseizure medication) and warned her the symptoms were due to stress and heavy drinking. The increasing paranoia developed into hallucinations, people plotting against her or speaking poorly of her. EEG and MRI results exhibited normal results; further indicating stress and alcohol withdraw. After being admitted to the NYU medical school EEG monitoring floor, examination showed tangential, disorganized, and temperamental behaviors. Several escape attempts later, placed Susannah in the more difficult patients category. Doctors suggested conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and cancer. She exhibited abnormally high blood pressure pointing to extreme concern.

Despite the numerous times her parents insisted that something was wrong with Susannah, some doctors refused to believe it. This ended up affecting Susannah and all the people she was close to. When the doctors brushed it off and said that she was normal, even though she wasn’t, the illness got even worse and everyone began to lose hope of recovery and hope that Susannah would ever be herself again.

It should have been a red flag when she was not getting any better and took multiple days off from work, that it was much more than the flu or mono. Aside from taking multiple days from work, the constant mood swings, as well as the constant paranoia feeling, should have also been a sign. Another sign should have been the fact that Susannah’s health began to decline rapidly shortly after suffering a seizure. It was a bit astonishing to see that the doctors didn’t take that into consideration or even ponder as to why that was happening to her. It wasn’t until Dr. Souhel Najjar decided to do a different type of test when they figured out what was wrong with

As a result of Susannah’s paranoia-induced delusions, her mother and stepfather, Allen, decide to admit Susannah to New York University’s Langone Medical Center for answers. Before being formally admitted, however, Susannah convulsed on the floor of the hospital and suffered a seizure. Susannah’s “lost month of madness” ensues from this point forward. Furthermore, her condition seemingly worsens as she is moved to the epilepsy unit of the hospital, notorious for low hopes of recovery among patients.

A mental disorder, or mental illness, can be a very serious issue in the world today. Not only today but even back many years ago. There have been many complications with studying mental illnesses, but with the basic knowledge and research of these topics, we can then understand the result of answering the question: How are mental illnesses viewed in Ireland compared to the United States? Looking at examples of mental illnesses around the world including examples from the book Reading in the Dark, written by Seamus Deane will help provide a good understanding of want a mental illness can look like in the life of a child. Although mental illness seems like a broad topic, there is a lot that can be taken away from it. Knowing a basic definition and background, and how mental illnesses were viewed in both Ireland and the United States, in the 1900’s and today, can help one understand how mental illnesses are caused in different countries around the world.

When people think of an “illness” they typically don’t automatically think of mental illness. They think about HIV, cancer, or even a cold or flu. However when it comes to mental illness it is a whole different idea. But is mental illness even real? Addressed in the book, The Myth of Mental Illness (1961), a psychiatrist Thomas Szasz argues that the idea of classifying psychological and emotional difficulties as “illnesses” takes away sense of control. Instead of holding people personally and morally responsible for their actions, he states, doctors attempt to “treat” the person, often with medications. Diagnosing mental illness, on the other hand, argue that mental disorders are as real as physical diseases and diagnosing them allows people

Memories are crucial to everything we do every day. Without memories we would not know who is important to us or what we enjoy doing. We use our memories continuously, even when we do not realize that we are. In her memoir Brain on Fire, Susannah Cahalan loses much of her episodic memory from the time period in which she battled Anti-NDMA-receptor encephalitis. Because of this, she loses a portion of her identity, and struggles for a period of time while attempting to find herself again.

Illness is one of the few experiences that all humans have in common and generally is met with empathy. However, people who suffer from mental illness are not privy to this treatment. For centuries, mental disorders have been demonized and stigmatized even in the modern era where humans have a much better understand of the mechanisms of the mind. Before the advent of psychiatry in the eighteenth-century people believed that mental illness was actually demonic possession resulting in the ostracization and murder of the mentally ill in the name of God. The Victorian era was met with a different view of mental illness, in that it was understood that it was a malady of the mind and people needed constant medical treatment, thus federally mandated asylums were created. Since mental illness was not understood there was a lot of misconceptions and fear surrounding the field. It is no surprise that the master of macabre and the creator of Horror, Edgar Allen Poe, decided to explore themes of mental illness in his stories. Poe’s most famous story about mental illness was The Fall of the House of Usher, where the main characters are plagued with an undisclosed mental malady. Through Poe’s use of point of view, style, tone, and tropes, he painted a perfect picture of the Victorian view of the mentally ill and the mind of the artist which was believed to be different faces of the same coin.

Mental illness is one of the top leading causes of disability accountability in Australia (ABS, 2007). The Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007 reported that approximately 1 in every 5 Australian is affected each year and about 3% of the population of Australia is afflicted by psychotic disorder; essentially schizophrenia, where the person displays distorted sense of reality (ABS, 2007). The prevalence estimate of schizophrenia is 1.1% of the population ranging from 18 years old and above that is, as many as 51 million of the population worldwide suffer from this illness (NIMH, 2014). The etiology of schizophrenia has still a long way to go although perspectives have changed considering the number of factors as the cause of this illness such as psychodynamic and or hereditary (Swapnil & Parmanand, 2010). Schizophrenia is a mental

Throughout the many years, there have been many negative public perceptions of Schizophrenia, which is known by majority of the public as an indication of mental illness. This disorder is most of the time perceived by the public as caused by psychological factors. People with this mental illness are considered to be unpredictable and threatening (Angermeyer & Matschinger, 2003, p. 526). Most patients have a behavioural dysfunction. Victims, families and society carry a substantial burden due to this illness (Wood & Freedman, 2003).

According to Mathers et al., (1996) “Schizophrenia ranks among the top ten causes of disability worldwide and affects one in one hundred people at some point in their lives.” (Cardwell and Flanagan, 2012). Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder which is commonly diagnosed in 15-30 year old individuals. It disrupts a person’s cognition, perceptions and emotions, making it extremely difficult to diagnose. Bleuler (1911) introduced the term schizophrenia, which translates as ‘split-mind’ or ‘divided self’ and accounts for the earlier interpretations of the disease. These misunderstandings and the ongoing misrepresentations, especially within the media, has stigmatised the illness. This raises the need for better understanding and

Susannah Cahalan’s case would have been very different if she had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder is which the person is unable to properly control their emotion and thoughts

Mental illness becomes a bigger issue with a long lasting cultural stereotyped due to the manner in which it has long been labelled (Miles, 1988). Although mental illness is very much connected to instabilities in one’s mental health state, as previously mentioned, a person can be mentally healthy but still suffer from a mental illness. What is understood by mental illness is that it

Imagine a world where a third of the human population suffered from the same type of illness. Imagine a world where the government does little to help those who suffer from this terrible illness. Imagine a world where nobody acknowledged the pain and suffering that comes along with this illness. This is, unfortunately, the world we live in today. The illness is not one that others notice, but it can have terrible consequences to those who suffer from it. The type of illness are the ones that plague people mentally.