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Nicholas I: Chief Guardian Of The Holy Places

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When examining the projection of power of each individual political leader in the nineteenth century, it is not hard to see that among the great powers only Nicholas I had the freedom to initiate any armed encounter in whatever way he desired. Although President Louis-Napoleon (or Napoleon III as he established dictatorship in 1851) had the power to do so as well, he chose to approach conflicts in a more calculated manner. This is because Napoleon III wished to establish sound relations with Britain and harness his ideology of nationalism, and this required him to be cautious when treating public opinions. (reader, Rich 104) Thus, it is in contrary to many’s belief that Nicholas I was indeed a more aggressive political leader than Napoleon during the 1850s, especially throughout the Eastern Crisis. Nicholas I consistently pushed for more hostile measures especially in regards to the dispute over the Holy Places, although the conflict could be …show more content…

This challenge to Russia, carefully provoked by Napoleon for the keys of the Holy Places, aroused the question of dominance over the Near East. I believe that the reason Napoleon challenged for the right to be the chief guardian of the holy places is mostly to please the Catholics who had elected him as leader in the first place. Since he himself had claimed candidly that “the question of the Holy Places and everything affecting them was of no importance whatever to France.” However, it is Napoleon’s calculated strategy to provoke Russia especially in Europe in hope that the tsar would take actions against the Ottoman Empire in order to achieve his primary objective: to break up the order of the European international system and the alliances. (Why Rich 20-21) Nicholas I, on the other hand, did not refrain from taking belligerent measures to establish his domination. He was determined to, once and for all, resolve the “Eastern

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