Bloodstream Infection Paper

Article by Clancy (2009) explained central lines were a result of an estimated 250,000 blood stream infections and accounted for 30,000 to 62,000 patient deaths, then adding that each infection cost upwards of $36,000 and cumulatively add up to at least $9 billion in preventable costs annually. The article also explains how the mindset has changed from the cost of having a central line in place and expecting complications to lowering infection rates by an intentional interventional process/s. The article speaks of 5 basic steps to reduce CLABSI, hand washing, insertion techniques, skin cleansing, avoidance of certain sites and earlier removal of the CVC. Studies showed that these guidelines were only followed 62% of the time. The system was changed to ascertain that all the clinicians were in compliance. This prompted 5 interventions, education, a CVC insertion cart with all necessary equipment, physicians having to validate central line necessity, a concise checklist for bedside clinicians and the empower of nurses to stop procedures if guidelines were not followed. These low cost interventions from 11.3/1000 in catheter days in 1998 to zero in the fourth quarter of 2002.

The use of disinfecting Curos™ caps must be a routine practice on all oncology floors. This change can readily be implemented, as it does not take much training to learn how to use. The Curos™ caps should also be implemented already existing CLABSI prevention bundles. Considering the 12-25% high mortality rates of CLABSI, implementing the disinfecting caps could reduce the rates of CLABSI by as much as 66% (Whitfield& Lowe, 2013). According to Ramirez, Lee, & and Welch(2014) “ During 2010,the CLABSI rate reduced from 1.9 to 0.5 per 1,000 catheter days during a one-year trial period. Furthermore, compliance to CLABSI prevention bundles increased from 63% to 80% when implementing the disinfecting Curos ™ caps. This high

An intervention was done in a surgical intensive care unit to reduce the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infections. The method of intervention was to create and utilize central line insertion and maintenance bundles. The hope, was that if all of the supplies needed were bundled together, then clinicians would use them appropriately. The maintenance kit included hand hygiene, catheter site dressing, hub care, and a daily review of the necessity of the line. The hub care consisted of 70% alcohol. Creation of the bundles, and training on how to use them, was done through the nurses and doctors on staff. There were regular in services held where nurses would teach how to utilize the kits. These

Central line bundle is a group of evidence-based practice strategy for patient with central catheters, when implemented together, produce better outcomes than implemented individually (Institute of health care improvement, 2010.). The main elements of central line bundle are hand hygiene, maximal barrier precaution upon insertion, Chlorhexidine skin antisepsis, optimal catheter selection, and daily review of line necessity with prompt removal of unnecessary lines Aseptic technique when using and caring for a central line catheter can decrease the chance of contamination in this critically ill infants. Staff education on adherence to aseptic technique and strict central line care guidelines are essential to decreasing bloodstream infections.

Of the 4 articles analyzed, one was a retrospective study that examined demographic and outcome data for the 125 patients in a group at high risk for venous CRI (Baskin et al., 2014). The second article was a randomized, controlled experimental study (Duzkaya, 2016). Consecutively, two were quasiexperimental studies, one consisting of an intervention group who received an antimicrobial PICC and patients in a nonintervention group who received nonantimicrobial PICCs (Rutkoff, 2014), and the other consisted of 160 participants, where 80 received routine care and the other 80 received a different nursing protocol (Kaya et al., 2016). These articles exposed different strategies to prevent central line infections in acutely ill patients. Some

For over a decade, healthcare associated infections (HAIs) have been at the forefront for improvement in hospitals across the nation, with central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) being a frontrunner of HAIs investigated as a major area for improvement. A central line can be either a central venous catheter (CVC) or a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and has many uses in intensive care units, inpatient units, and home health care including administration of antibiotics, TPN, and chemotherapy treatment. Remarkable improvements over the past decade have been made in order to shrink the rate of CLABSIs with measures and ongoing research to continue to diminish the number of central line infections seen in hospitals.

In John Steinbeck’s story Of Mice and Men, and in the film Places in the Heart written and directed by Robert Benton, many of the characters experience unexpected friendships during hard times. The authors bring forth sexism, racism, and the feeling of belonging, showing that everyone deserves a friend. (49)

Central lines are a one of the major risk factors for infections in the bloodstream and many occur outside of the intensive care units (Medina, Serratt, Pelter, & Brancamp, 2014). An increase in the amount of patients who are admitted to the hospital with central lines has increased the amounts of central line infections. Reducing the amount of central line infections on a general Medical-Surgical unit with in a facility is very important for both patients and healthcare facilities.

ReferencesBarrett , S. P. (2005). What's new in infection control? Medicine Publishing Company,33(3), i-iii. Retrieved July 5, 2006, from http://www.atyponlink.com/MPC/doi/abs/10.1383/medc.2005.33.3.iBebbington, A., Parkin, P.A., Chichester, L. J., & Kubiak, E. M. (2003). Patients'case notes: look but don't touch. Journal of Hospital Infection. 55, (4).

To overcome the limitations encountered in the developing nations, this project aims to counteract the potential for infections. The new procedure would avoid the limits so that the developing countries could effectively implement its objectives. Firstly, time and money would be spent to further educate the doctors and nurses so that the knowledge gap about effective sanitation could be closed. Additionally, to supplement this new knowledge, an exclusive catheter team could be created, so that the respective staff would be experts in insertion and maintenance of these central lines within the ICU or other areas. The carts themselves were designed with the previously stated limitations in mind, and would contain chlorhexidine and various tools to help insert the central lines as cleanly as possible.

Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) have been a topic of concern. Urinary catheters place patients at risk for these infections. HAIs cost approximately 9.8 billion dollars annually; However, Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are less than 1% of that total (Waknine, 2013). None the less, steps must be taken to prevent CAUTIs. Some of the advantages of preventing/reducing CAUTIs is improved patient outcomes and a reduction in the facility’s costs of treating HAIs. There is some complexity in implementation of your solution, for example, increase in nursing assessment, treatment, documentation, and patient education. When there is an increase in the complexity of a solution, nurses will be more resistance to change. Thank

Identify and analyze the possible claims that Julie has against her employer. Identify and evaluate the legal basis for the claim, the potential recovery, and the likelihood of prevailing against her employer. (Points : 30)

The use of central venous catheters (CVCs) are integral to modern healthcare and have become an increasingly common means of administering treatments that vary from intravenous fluids to blood products to life-saving medications (Sacks et al., 2014; Oto, Imanaka, Konno, Nakataki, & Nishimura, 2011; The Joint Commission, 2012). The use of CVCs allows for immediate vascular access and improved patient comfort as a result of the decreased need for multiple needle sticks. However, their use is associated with an increased risk of blood stream infections. These infections called central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) cause significant morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs (Ramirez, Lee, & Welch, 2012; Sacks et al., 2014; Sandora et al., 2014 Wright et al., 2013; The Joint Commission, 2012).

The death penalty in the U.S. is a very serious concern still to this day. Capital punishment is the same exact thing as the death penalty, it is a governed sanctioned practice to put a person to death. The death penalty effects all people whether it be because of the crime the person committed to receive the death penalty or the person’s family. This is a major controversy in the U.S. because some people think that you should not put a person to death or keep them locked up for doing something that is not a norm. While others believe that you must have some type of punishment so that people will be more likely to not commit a horrible crime. When people do commit egregious crimes, like murder or rape, they are to be punished by law if proven

Great job you nurses are doing at your unity. Central line associated blood stream infection (CLABSI) is one of the major problems most hospitals are experiencing. As explained by Boubekri, (2013) health care associated infections are a measure problem in most hospital and about 70% are from centrals lines. An effort put in place at my hospital was the use of chlorhexidine (CHG) wipes, we use them daily with patients that have a central line, wiping the daily around the central line side to reduce infection. Boubekri went further to explain in the article that the use of CHG wipe daily reduce the CLABSI. We use the CHG wipes on patients going for surgery, patients on Foley catheter, and any invasive procedure. It has really helped to reduce