Biopsychosocial Influence On Parenting

Much emphasis has been placed in the field of child development and the role that early providers possess when it comes to the needs of children at the early stages of life. Whether conceptualizing socialization and priming with Locke’s “tabula rosa/blank slate” or Rousseau’s “preassembled moral schema” approach to child development, this “window of opportunity” is both fleeting and permanent. Every interaction molds the individual into the person they are to become, and the bond that the dependent child forms with the caregiver is a precedent to the numerous relationships and attachments they will create as an adult. Granted that the provider/nurturer fulfills the needs of attachment and attentiveness for the offspring, this will determine the success of progressing through child developmental stages, and leads to a higher propensity of social adaptiveness. Inversely, if the aforementioned things are absent in a child’s early years, detrimental effects could occur, including stints in physical, social, and mental development. This is dependent upon the severity and duration of neglect, and has been seen in clinical cases that appears as psychological phenomena to both the general public, and researchers alike.

Parenting is basically the utmost long-term establishment. Specifically, parenting or child rearing is the method of encouraging and sustaining the physical, emotional, social, financial, and intellectual growth of a child from birth to adulthood. Basically, there are four major recognized parenting styles in psychology.

The day a child is born is a wonderful and happy time in any parent’s life. Parents wish that their child has nothing but a lifetime of success and happiness. No parent thinks that they alone, or rather the type of parent they are can shape who or what their child will become. Parenting styles can vary from household to household, culture to culture, and even between a set of parents. Some parents swear that they will never become they type of parent that their parents were, while others swear by the way they were raised. Now more than ever we hear about how parenting style can affect a child. In chapter 4 of Exploring Psychology, Myers and Dewall (2016) we are introduced to three parenting styles, Authoritatian, Authoriatative, and Permissive, and how these types of parents affect their children’s traits. Many factors like environment, temperament and life experiences will play a role on a child; parenting style can directly affect a child’s traits and how productive of an adult they will become.

Who a person’s parents or relatives are is already predetermined at conception. The traits that a child’s family have are going to be his/her traits simply because of genetics. According to the above study done on Croatian twins, genetic factors account for “stability in personality” from seventy-five to one hundred percent (Bratko and Butkovic 155). The researchers used genetic models to look into the differences between twins. They broke genetics into two sources in this study: additive genetic influences and nonadditive genetic influences. Bratko and Butkovic insinuated that, based on the findings of this project, heredity was mostly attributed to the steadiness of personality in the pairs of twins. In the novel Nature Via Nurture: Genes, Experience, & What Makes Us Human by Matt Ridley, a quote was attributed to Ralph Greenspan from his research on romance between fruit flies. He likened personality to this

Siblings influence development in a variety of ways by providing teaching and caregiving opportunities that result in greater cognitive, language, and psychosocial development in both older and younger siblings (Jenkins, 1989). Specifically, sibling relationships that depict a balance of nurturance and conflict have been found to provide children with learning opportunities that lead to greater perspective taking skills, different strategies to resolve conflict, as well as regulate their own emotions (Volling, McElwain, & Miller, 2002). For example, younger siblings have been found to be more socially skilled and have more positive peer relationships compared to children who lack the sibling experience (Volling et al., 2002).

The impact of parent-child relationship, marital conflicts and the nurturance environment on child development has been a focus of literature since a considerable time period. Recently, researchers have concentrated on the role of sibling relationship quality on the overall development of an individual (Brody, 1994). This area is studied by examining a number of factors such as sibling warmth and conflict, the number, age and gender of siblings, personality of individuals along with the role of parents and several other facets. The findings are inconsistent and there are a number of variables which are seen to affect the behavior and the development of an individual.

Of note in the debate between nature and nurture in personality development is a study conducted by Dr. Fatima Kamran (2016) regarding perceived personality differences between siblings by parents. This was a very important study in regards to nature versus nurture, since both lines of thought would suggest that siblings that share genetics and home environments would be similar to each other. In this study, parents of siblings with an age difference of no more than five years, were studied to determine if they perceived differences in their children’s temperaments (Kamran, 2016). Despite behavioral genetic

It is hypothesized that aspects of a firstborn personality will result in the firstborn being more self-confident, independent, conscientious, and more of a leader whereas the later-born is the opposite: very sociable, a follower, less conscientious and more social. The hypothesis was not supported, in that the results do not show all the aspects of personalities that were expected. Categories such as: self-confidence sociability and leadership are as expected, but conscientiousness is a surprise. The firstborn is instead less conscientious than the later-born. An extraneous variable that could have affected the results include how the individual is raised. One way of overcoming participant variables could be to test both or all siblings as well

Between the ages of 5 and 6 years old, parent relationship, sibling relationships and peer relationships form the crucial part of the child’s social development. The most important of the 3 being the parent relationship, because this is the time where attachment will further develop, but the child will also try to establish some independence. The sibling relationships differ a great deal from the parent’s relationship because they aid the child in understanding social relationships. The children learn from their sibling relationships and apply this knowledge to relationships with their peers. The peer relationships help the children to be more self-aware but also to understand other’s feelings and thoughts.

No, parents aren’t crucial players in child development, however, human guardians do matter in the upbringing of children. The feral children in the documentary possessed very minimal ability to speak or function as “civil human beings” which proves that we indeed do need humans to help form us as we’re growing up in order to stimulate all areas of the brain that are necessary to lead “normal” lives. The argument of whether biological parents are a necessity and matter in a child’s development is debated and there are many examples of people who were adopted as infants who thrive and lead successful lives. The twins mentioned in Feral Children were taken into an orphanage in Mindapore, India after being found, where Kamala was able to learn

Social comparison theory is vital to the study of sibling’s relationship. Social comparison theory contends that there exists a basic human drive to evaluate oneself relative to others (Festinger, 1954).indeed, without these comparisons, we could not assess our particular strengths, weaknesses, or talents. Siblings are a critical “other’’ to be compared, as each child in a family is similar but also different in relevant ways.one implication of social comparison processes is that the particular people to whom we compare ourselves can greatly influence how we see ourselves. This process are not only central to the quality of sibling relationships, but also parents’ expectation of their own children(Whiteman & Buchanan, 2002).children’s individual

Would you have come out different if your parents used a different parenting style? If you are considered “cool” now could you have come out a nerd if your parents would have used a different parenting style? “Parenting style is one of the primary determinants of your child’s outcome whether he succeeds, achieves, meets the challenges, flounders, gives up, or runs from or fails in handling life.” (6) The purpose of this paper is to describe the outcomes, processes, labor, and techniques of parenting in a psychological point of view. Parenting styles are defined as the “manner in which parents express their beliefs on how to be a good or bad parent.” (4) Each parenting style has its weaknesses and

Researchers looked at a wide spectrum of differences between first-and-second born siblings, and second-and-third born siblings. In their study, they accounted for many socioeconomic factors, as well as family size, age, and gender. They concluded that they

It is no secret, man and woman think differently, and especially when men and women parent. Men have a more relaxed, chill vibe to their parenting, while still wanting the best for their children they tend to go about it in a completely different way than women do. Women have a more controlling, high maintenance way of parenting. The dad needs to bond with the child when they are born, and often times if they do not have these moments with the child they will not even want to be apart of the child’s life. The women in bonded with the child, and rearranges her entire life for her family. Both, when completely devoted to the child’s well-being can be great parents, but accomplish this goal with the best way they know how, genetics have a strong

In the early stages of a child’s character development, the family is the first social group that the child has. The relationship that is fostered between the family and the child is important, because it is the role of the family that influences the child’s behavior. Although the child may be influenced by the father and siblings, these relationships are looked to second. The child realizes early that the family belongs to him. This leads to jealousy towards other siblings because he may strive to be significant, and establish a position of superiority. Once the child comes to trust the family, it no longer feels threatened. By fostering a good relationship with the family, the child develops trust which leads to the child developing