Chapter 6
BIO MODELLING AND STRESS ANALYSIS Introduction The study mainly focuses on the nanocomposite based coronary stents and their interaction with arteries in which they are implanted and the blood flow that occurs through them. Hence the arteries and blood need to be mathematically modeled in order to use them in analysis software. The interactions between anisotropic hyperelastic materials with non Newtonian fluid blood involve intricate challenges. A lot of non linearities are involved in the models. The mathematical models used to model hyperelastic arteries and non Newtonian fluid is discussed in this chapter. Further the simulations carried out on static stent interactions with arteries and plaque is discussed. As shown in the graphs the responses of a rubber and a soft tissue are plotted in simple uniaxial tension.
Need of the Study
The interactions occurring between the artery wall and the stent surfaces need to be studied considering the hyperelastic nature of the arteries. Injuries are caused on the artery surfaces due to stent implantation. It can be easily manifested that any external foreign structure implanted in the body can cause harm to the body. Especially the ends of the complicated stent designs may prick the artery walls. Or the interactive stresses acting on the vessel walls may concuss the walls if are beyond the materials bearable properties. It is hence necessary to first study the
“Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances”. It is generally known as “pattern of disruptive physiological and psychological reaction to events that threaten the ability to cope” (Oxford Living Dictionaries, 2017).
The blood vessel that Dr. Eltahawy was concerned about was thin and looked as though it would collapse in on itself. First, Dr. Eltahawy tried a balloon catheter. At the top of the catheter was a small balloon that could inflate to maintain a shape or structure of a blood vessel. However, because the blood vessel was so thin, the balloon catheter was not very effective. Instead, Dr. Eltahawy installed a stent. A stent is a wire mesh tube. It is placed in a blood vessel permanently to maintain the shape of the vessel and to allow for the free flow of blood. Throughout this entire independent study, I realize that shadowing in the medical field is less about learning about medicine and more about discovering about whether becoming a doctor is the right step. This independent study has been a step in the right
Once a good position was confirmed, balloon angioplasty was carried out x 1. Conduit angiogram shows improved flow within the LPA stent. However, no significant improving was noticed in the narrowed conduit. Therefore, a Rosen guide wire was exchanged by a 0.35 Amplatz Super Stiff Wire to facilitate stenting of the RV-PA conduit. A pre-mounted 10 mm x 26 mm Valeo stent was tracked over a 0.35 Amplatz Supper Stiff Wire. Once the appropriate position was confirmed, the stent was deployed in the RV-PA conduit. Subsequent pressure measurement revealed improved in the RV pressure ( RV pressure ½ systemic from ¾ systemic). Conduit angiogram was carried out through the long sheath which shows satisfactory position of the stent with good flow in the conduit, RPA, and LPA and no extravasation or stent fracture was
The stent will be placed where it can be expanded to hold the artery open. Some stents are designed to simply keep the artery held open. Other stents used are drug-eluting stents. These stents are coated with pharmacologic agents that work to prevent restenosis of the artery.
Coronary illness is the development of plaque (fat store on the inward dividers of the veins) in the coronary conduits that supply O2 rich blood to the heart muscle, the development of plaque is called atherosclerosis. After some time passes plaques may solidify therefore limiting blood stream or totally obstructing the corridor. The development of plaque is straightforwardly identified with a people way of life, normal danger elements incorporate stoutness, high blood cholesterol and diabetes. At the point when the endothelium is harmed by blood stream, the cholesterol and fats in the blood get stuck shaping plaques. This outcomes in hypertension due the heart endeavoring to supply obliged levels of blood to the body. In the event that the blood stream to the heart muscles is limited or blocked it may
A stent placement is a metal mesh tube, when inserted it is compressed within a catheter and expands to form a supportive
A few of stents are the Leo, Enterprise, and the Solitaire AB Stent. Leo stents are retrievable but they are prone to shift when they are in mid release state (Cui, Y., Xu, H., Liu, H., & Wang, Y. (2015). Enterprise stents can only be recovered once, and it’s only when they haven’t been released over 70 percent. The Solitaire AB Stent can be recovered a number of times. This is the main advantage of the Solitaire AB stent over other stents. The release technique is also different with the Solitaire AB stent. The stent is released from distal end and only after the position is determined; it also has a single open end which is different than the Leo and
The Science of Stress is an informative video by National Geographic detailing the body response to stress. Stress is the body’s way of getting itself prepared to face a challenge. It is constant problem that everyone has to deal with. It was originally meant to aid our survival, but over time it has become dangerous and lethal to our well being. National Geographic’s video gives us a scientific view of what goes on in our bodies when experiencing stress and its effects on it.
There are many different broad definitions of stress and how to cope with it, known as stress management.
This assignment will explore the concept of stress by firstly distinguishing between the definitions set out by Selye 919560 and Cox (1976). Following this assignment will critically evaluate the General Adaption Syndrome, SRRS and Daily Hassles explanations of stress and finally, conclude with a discussion on individual differences based on Friedman and Rosenman’s research.
Besides echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and Multi-slice computed tomography angiocardiography (MSCT) have gained particular importance. (8) The presence of image degrading artifacts from implanted metal, such as intravascular stents and embolization coils; higher cost; limited availability; contraindication in imaging of
Partially covered SEMS (PSEMS) have uncovered metal mesh ends that allow for tissue embedding in order to increase adherence to the intended location. However, when used for benign UGI conditions, PSEMS have been associated with serious adverse events, such as challenging stent removal, due to the stents’ inherent risk of stimulating mucosal
appear similar to conventional stents.”8 Middleton, Teefey and Darcy8 note that the use of PFTE endografts will likely become standard as their performance outweighs the early stent materials used. Color Doppler as well as pulsed Doppler should be used to interrogate the stent and supporting vessels. Velocity measurements are taken using angle correct and spectral waveforms are recorded. Careful examination of the liver vasculature is imperative to verify proper stent function. Specifically, thrombosis or occlusion can be assessed with color and Doppler ultrasound. Velocity parameters may vary from patient to patient and also will change from immediate post procedure velocities to those obtained during long term follow up. Universal Doppler
Psychological and physical well-being and the overall quality of life are under a constant threat of stress and thus, psychological and medical sciences have long been concerned with studying stress response. Cox (1979) claimed that because of the poor understanding and defining it, the concept of stress tends to be rather elusive. The term, “stress”, commonly describes any physchological or physical alteration that deranges the organism’s homeostasis (or balance). This essay reviews some of the biological factors involved in stress and it has been organized in the following way. The paper begins by briefly introducing the concept of stress. It will then go on to discus and describe the automatic response (fight or flight reaction),
Response of Blood Flow through Stenotic Artery with variable Viscosity- A Non-Newtonian Fluid Model A Dissertation report submitted for the partial fulfillment of the award of degree of Master of Science In Mathematics Submitted By Shailja Gautam ROLL NO. 115258