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Ballad Of Birmingham Research Paper

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For centuries, racism has plagued America. People of black ethnicity have been specifically targeted at the most. The bombing of Birmingham, Alabama was an especially tragic example of said attacks. Countless innocent black men, women, and children were shot and killed in the events following the bombing. “The Ballad of Birmingham”, by Dudley Randall, focuses on a black mother and daughter on the day of the 1963 tragedy. The child asks to attend the freedom march, but the mother makes her go to church instead, where she will be safe. The child obeys and goes to church; however, she dies in the bombing. This incident was the cause of many innocent deaths, unimaginable suffering, and expressed the idea that racism is everywhere. Randall’s …show more content…

The poem begins with the black child getting ready to go to church. “And bathed rose petal sweet/ And drawn white gloves on her small brown hands/ And white shoes on her feet” (Randall 18-20). Although she wants to attend the ‘Freedom March’, the girl listens to her mother and gets ready for church. He describes the child as having “small brown hands”, thus it is evident that she is dark-skinned, or black. Randall takes great care in describing her preparations, from “combing her night-dark hair” to “drawing her white gloves” and putting on her “white shoes”. White is often symbolic for purity and innocence, keying on the fact that this is just a little girl, race aside. She is portrayed as an innocent, obedient girl, who listens to her parents. The girl “bathes rose petal sweet”, showing again how “sweet” and innocent she is. With nothing more than good, “sweet” intentions, the girl goes to church, as her mother directs. In the sacred, safe place her mother thought safe for her, the girl dies, an innocent victim of the Birmingham bombing. In the end, only her “white shoe” remains. Racism has consumed the lives of numerous blacks, even going so far as to kill innocent black children, who are too young to even comprehend the meaning behind such …show more content…

After sending her child off to church, the mother is relieved to know that her child is away from the threats of Birmingham. “The mother smiled to know her child/ Was in the sacred place/ But that smile was the last smile/ To come upon her face/…Her eyes grew wet and wild” (Randall 21-26). As she sends her child away to church, the mother “smiles”, believing her daughter will be in good hands. Unbeknownst to her, though, is that this smile will be the “last smile to come upon her face”. She sends her daughter away with the hope of protecting her from the racial violence, but instead pushes her into the heart of it. The “sacred place” her daughter is in has a bomb in it. Once she hears the explosion, her eyes “grow wet and wild”, as she fears for her daughter’s safety. At the church, the mother digs through ash and finds her daughter’s pure, white shoe. The amount of guilt and sorrow the mother feels is unimaginable. After the incident, she cannot bring herself to have “a smile come upon her face”. She smiled her “last smile” for her daughter, whom she lost to the evils of racism. This woman, like many black people, suffered greatly in the bombing of Birmingham. Not even in the “sacred place” of church, were black people safe from

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