CONTENTS
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Synopsis
3. Block Diagram
4. Block Diagram Description
5. Circuit diagram
6. Circuit description
7. Component details
8. Working of project
9. Fabrication of PCB
10. Application
11. Future development
12. Cost estimation
13. Conclusion
14. Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Introduction:
The automation is now carried on not only industries but also houses. The automation of a particular system avoids the total care about the system. Nowadays lot of components and techniques are available to automate the particular field. Here we are going to automate the necessary things in houses. To carry on the automation process PLC based technique is
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Regulator 5. Indicator
The ordinary low power E & I core transformer is used to get required voltage. It is basically step down transformer, which reduce the voltage from mains supply depending upon the output voltage. The rectifier sections convert AC into DC. The rectifier is designed using four 1N 4007 diode. It is a bridge type rectifier, which give full cycle conduction output. The capacitor based filter section smooth the rippled DC and make it as pure DC. The smoothing level is increased by increasing filter capacitor value. The regulator block is designed using 78 XX series.
The regulator is selected to get constant voltage at output side. We can give input voltage up to 30V. The LED indicates circuit is on live. This circuit arrangement gives constant voltage output.
Power Supply Design Concept:
Transformer Selection:
Voltage Rating = DC output voltage +5V Current Rating = required current +1/2 required current.
Type: Ordinary Transformer = Half wave & Bridge rectifier
Control Tape Transformer = Full wave rectifier.
Example:
For +5v @ 1A RPS Transformer Voltage Rating
Voltage = 5V + 5V = 10V
Transformer Current Rating
Current = 1A + 0.5A = 1.5A
Type:
Ordinary Transformer = 0-10v @ 1.5A Center Tapped Transformer = 10 – 0 – 10V@ 1.5A
Practical Selection of Transformer:
0 -9V @ 2A (Or) 9V-0-9V @ 2A
Diode Selection for Rectifier (Based on Load Current):
1N 4007 - 1A 1N 5408 - 2A 6A 4 Mic - 3A
Very high resistance value is required to attain the 5V DC output using this regulator. Although, similar topologies using MAX756 or MAX757 IC might be an optimum solution to this problem. It steps up voltage within 0.7V – 5.5V to 2.7V – 5.5V [11]. MAX757 can be adjustment according to the requirement, whereas MAX756 gives fixed 5V DC output.
The control system of the automated warehouse include management/monitor computer, master PLC and lower PLC, which are connected by Modibus and wireless networks and can build up a complete multilevel computer monitoring system, as shown in Figure 2.2. The whole automated warehouse system integrated cargo storage, retrieval, distribution and transportation together, realizes intelligence operations in the whole system, and is an intelligent warehouse without any manual operation. (Yinghua Xue, Hongpeng
5V DC power should be supplied to PIC microcontroller which will be achieved by converting 230V AC into 5V DC. 230V AC is too high to be reduce. Therefore, stepdown transformer will be needed. Step down transformer will reduce the line voltage to certain voltage that will help us to convert 230V AC to 5V DC. In order
The upgrade project consisted of the design & construction of a new Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system to eventually replace the existing legacy Honeywell/Experion system and equipment which is nearing the end of its life cycle. The new chemical sludge handling PLC, incorporates hot standby Siemens S7400H processors utilising a Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP) remote Input/Output (RIO) network allowing simultaneous PLC and network failure without process interruption.
So diode with PIV rating greater then 15V is suitable.IN4007 is more than sufficient as it has
ABB Ltd provides power and automation technologies for utility and industrial customers worldwide. The company Power Products segment offers switchgears, circuit breakers, capacitors, surge arresters, cable accessories, high voltage components, reclosers, fuses, contactors, relays, sensors, motor control centers, ring main units, and modular systems; and power, traction, distribution, and other special transformers. Its Power Systems segment provides integrated power and automation solutions; alternating current (AC) and direct current transmission systems; flexible AC systems technologies; land and submarine cables, as well as accessories and services for medium-to high-voltage AC and DC systems; air-and gas-insulated substations; and network management solutions. This segment also offers support agreements and retrofits, spare parts, service, and training; and consulting services. The company Discrete Automation and Motion segment provides motors, generators, variable speed drives, programmable logic controllers, robots and robotics, solar inverters, wind
Over the past decade within Australia, the issue of one-punch violence has remained at the forefront of media and public scrutiny. Many acts of unprovoked violence resulting in death have generated considerable action from communities, organisations and legislators. This national moral panic has resulted in an influx of legislation across the states. The Victorian State Government has recently imposed the Sentencing Amendment (Coward 's Punch Manslaughter and Other Matters) Act 2014, introducing the ‘toughest’ one-punch laws in the country.
Automation is the creation and application of technology to monitor and control the production and delivery of products and services (“What Is Automation?”). Automation becoming cheaper and more efficient for companies to utilize. Automation can be
It is observed that the power factor is maintained closer to unity when the input voltage is reduced from 230V to 110Vrms. Figure 11 (a) and (b) shows the power factor correction of controller for various load condition such as 20% (60W) and 75% (230W). The power factor for the system is found to be 0.84 for light load condition and 0.99 for full load condition. The THD of input current at full load with predominant third and fifth harmonic components are shown in Figure 12(a) and (b).Third harmonics is found to be 4.8% and fifth harmonic component is 4.9% which are well within IEC 61000-3-2 standard during wide range of load variations. The variation in power factor with load is shown graphically in Figure 13(a). It can be inferred from the graph that improved resettable control operates at high power factor for all load condition whereas the conventional PI control has poor power factor under light load conditions. Figure 13(b) shows the comparison between the efficiency of the converter for varying load conditions with the conventional control method and the resettable integrator control. The converter’s efficiency is maintained at 92% for light load conditions and 96% for fully loaded condition with integrator control technique. Thus the improved resettable integrator controller provides a very simple and reliable solution for power factor correction and
Out of all the words that my mother has said to me, not once has she said, I love you, and meant it. Once in a church camp, parents had to write letters to their children. Everyone was anxious to receive and open theirs. I waited patiently, only to find out my mother did not write me a letter. My mother not only hurt me with words, but with every action she carelessly did.
The complete system will consist of two sections; a power circuit and a control circuit. The power section consists of a power rectifier, filter capacitor, and three phase diode clamped multilevel inverter. The motor is connected to the multilevel inverter. An ac input voltage is fed to a three phase diode bridge rectifier, in order to produce dc output voltage across a capacitor filter. A capacitor filter, removes the ripple contents present in the dc output voltage. The pure dc voltage is applied to the three phase multilevel inverter through capacitor filter. The multilevel inverter has 24 MOSFET switches that are controlled in order to generate an ac output voltage from the dc input voltage. The controlled ac output voltage is fed to the induction motor drive. The motor windings are highly inductive in nature; they hold electric energy in the form of current. This current needs to be dissipated while switches are off. Diodes are connected across the switches give a path for the current to dissipate when the switches are off. These diodes are also called freewheeling
PLC- Power Line Communication is also like VLC, developed in the same era and is the method of transmitting data on transmission lines meant for electric power distribution to comsumers.The basic principle involved in PLC is that these can be operated by adding a carrier signal to the existing wiring system. The propagation problem is a limiting fator for PLC’s. Low Frequencies are generally to carry data over
DBR followed by a filter and an isolated zeta converter. The filter is designed to avoid any switching ripple in the DBR and thesupply system. An isolated zeta converter is designed to operate in DCM to act as an inherent power factor corrector. This combinationof DBR and PFC converter is used to feed a BLDC motor drive via a three-phase VSI as shown in Fig. 1. The dc link voltage of the VSI is controlled by varying the duty ratio of the PWM pulses of PFC converter switch. However, VSI is operated in a low frequency switching to achieve an electronic commutation of BLDC motor for reduced switching losses. A single voltage sensor is used at the front-end converter for the control of dc link voltage for speed control of BLDC motor. The proposed drive is designed and its performance is validated on a developed prototype for improved power quality at ac mains for a wide range of speed control and supply voltage variations.
Abstract—Industrial machineries & high cost device safety and control id big problem for companies now days. This challenging problem has to be mentioned last few years. IVR system is the best solution of challenging problems still there is no such device or technique which control and make secure the machines & devices. This paper presents a technique for IVR system for industrial control. It will help us to secure high cost machines also we can operate (ON/OFF) the Industrial machines & other Devices by using our interactive voice response (IVR) Systematically. The main advantage of this technique is it can Operate from anywhere and low requirements, in terms of speed, accuracy and memory utilization. The goal is to implement the IVR system to control, security & maintenance of high costly industrial machineries and real time overview control on machines or devices.
In this topology, the number of power conversion stages is decreased, there by reducing the number semi conductor switches. So the conduction losses and switching losses are reduced. High frequency transformer is used for isolation because of its reduced size and weight such that it decreases the complexity of the micro inverter. Due to increased switching frequency , the series resonant tank is used to execute the soft switching at the turn on of the power switches to decrease the switching losses. The switching and conduction losses of the inverter are critically analyzed and methods are presented to calculate the size of the resonant components. Thus the outputs are simulated using