Autism Spectrum Disorder Case Study

Tommy R. is a 6-year-old boy and a kindergarten student in a K-8 combined elementary and junior high school in the San Jose greater metropolitan area. There has been a meeting requested by his educational team and parents to talk about his behavior in school and cognitive abilities in the classroom. School staff have been receiving complaints from Tommy’s teacher and classroom staff about not following direction and non-compliance. Tommy also struggles with completing some classroom tasks as well.

Based on the case study, Sara has many elements and character traits that can identify with her diagnosis of autism. I do strongly believe Sara diagnosis is appropriate and in line with IDEA definition and the revised criteria for ASD in the DSM-5.

Autism is categorized by deficits in maintaining social relationships and difficulty communicating. The number of children being diagnosed with autism is steadily increasing. Therefore the need incorporate effective interventions that focus on the development of the individual child has become an imperative component for their success. The key for children with Autism to achieve academic and social success depends upon the collaborative effort that is shared among all parties involved: family, teachers, peers; mental health professionals and the community.

Some of the interventions that IDEA suggests that students be included in the regular general education classroom as much as possible with their peers, because it helps them gain social relationships with others (McCurdy, 2014). But there are some negative aspects to having children included in the classroom. One of the roadblocks that schools come across is having to gain support from the school officials and staff members (McCurdy, 2014). The second barrier is having a student with autism spectrum disorder is risking them having a disruptive behavior or witness an off-task behavior that would disrupt other students in the classroom (McCurdy,

Based on the civil rights principal of equal educational opportunity, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) guarantee an appropriate education to all students with disabilities. The 1997 IDEA amendments mandate that parents of children with disabilities have a right to be involved with the school district in education decisionmaking processes, meetings, and records of their children. Yet some parents of children in special education feel that schools do not welcome their participation. Parents of children with autism constitute one group of such parents who continually struggle with concerns about the poor quality of education that their children receive. Their perseverance to obtain not even an ideal--but

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA 2004) mandates that children with disabilities be educated in general education classrooms with their peers to the maximum extent possible. In addition, the law states that children with disabilities may only be removed from gen ed when the nature or severity of the disability and with the appropriate supports and services, they cannot receive a satisfactory education within the gen ed environment (IDEA 2004). Inclusion is viewed as an appropriate practice for educating children with ASD because of the potential benefits like increased opportunity for social interactions with peers, possibility of developing friendships, gains in communication, social, and adaptive behavior skills, and the participation in

The provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act will help me know how to properly incorporate students with disabilities into my general education classroom in multiple ways. In 2013, “more than 60 percent of students ages 6 through 21 served under IDEA were educated inside the regular class 80% or more of the day;” therefore it is essential that I understand how to positively and effectively include students with disabilities in my classroom (US Department of Education, 2015). IDEA helps me to understand how and why all children need to be included in the classroom. It helps me understand that all children are entitled to a free appropriate public education and that instruction should be delivered in the best way possible

In 1990, the federal government enacted a law called The Individuals with Disabilities Act, otherwise known as IDEA. Marilyn Friend and William Bursuck, authors of a very informative textbook regarding special education, explain that this law grants students with disabilities the rights to attend mainstream classes instead of always being separated. Obviously, these student’s with disabilities must be within an appropriate range to function in this type of setting. Therefore, nowadays, within one classroom a teacher can have a wide range of students, from learning disabled to extraordinarily gifted and every level in between. Not surprisingly, Learning Disabled (LD) students who are mainstreamed become more socially integrated and have higher

A review of the records reveals the member to be a young male with a birth date of 12/25/2004. The member has diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). His provider, Charles Kennedy, Ph.D. has requested MT at the continued rate of 4 hours per week for 120 days.

Autism spectrum disorders include autistic and Asperger's Syndrome (AS), often studied in terms of executive functions, with controversial results (Taddei & Contena, 2013). In this paper, you will learn more about people that are autistic and the best nursing approach to take dealing with autistic persons. Autism is typically detected around age four, but later for minority and low-income children (Cuellar, 2015). Autism's prevalence has also increased, partly due to greater awareness, greater availability of services, and earlier detection, but also due to changes in diagnostic criteria (Cuellar, 2015).

How Autism was diagnosed changed, and the term “Autism” started to be considered as a wide spectrum of disabilities (Daily 1). The Education for All Children Act was passed in 1975 and it guaranteed a “free and appropriate education in the least restrictive environment” (Dybvik 2). This means that in public education, an autistic student would be able to be educated with their nondisabled peers in the general education as much as possible. The Education for All Children Act was updated y the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1997 (Dybvik 3). The IDEA added Autism as a category. As a result, over sixty-five thousand students with Autism across the country were educated in inclusive environments (Daily 1). Since the discovery of Autism, research has shown that the severity of disability can be very different in individual students. Therefore, children that may have once been excluded from general education can be mainstreamed more.

The Over- diagnoses and under-diagnoses are higher for children from racial and ethnic minority communities, because of diverse social and institutional factors or barriers that affect the children by having lower or higher prevalence documentations. The problem with the documentation process is that it increases racial and ethnic disparities and decreases the quality of assessment and intervention. The factors or barriers that contribute to over or under diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder in the racial and ethnic minority communities could be factors coming from biases from service providers, parents’ beliefs and social status, and environment.

This disorder was first recognized and named by Leo Kanner, a celebrated psychiatrist and physician, in 1943 (Sauner, 1990). It is distinguished by interrupted development; extreme or no response to stimuli; difficulties with speech, language and cognitive capacity; and problems relating to people, events or objects “[all signs that appear] before the age of 3” (Heward, 2003, p. 489). Of these, the most notable are serious deficiencies in verbal and non-verbal communication as well as social interaction.

Inclusion began when The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), was passed in 1974. IDEA marked a turning point for the placement of children with special needs. This legislation stated that all school systems are required to receive federal funding to provide a free and appropriate education for all students regardless of how handicapped they are. The term inclusion does not actually appear in the text of IDEA. Instead, the law requires that children with special needs be educated to the maximum extent appropriate in the least restrictive environment. The IDEA says that the least restrictive environment is the regular education classroom. (Special Education, 2001) The IDEA requires the Individual Education Program (IEP) team to consider placement in the regular classroom in the beginning to determine if it is an appropriate placement for the child. The law specified different environments where special services could take place. The main goal was to place special education students in regular education classrooms for gains in academics and behavior for the children. (Singleton, n.d)

According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, students with disabilities should be placed in a “least restrictive environment.” One of the main ideas of this act was to improve the learning experiences of students with disabilities by giving them learning opportunities outside of a special education classroom. The number of students with disabilities being placed in their general education classrooms is increasing more and more each year. The U.S Department of Education’s 27th annual report to Congress on the implementation of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2005) indicates that the number of students with disabilities in general education classrooms has risen to almost 50 percent. This is about a 17 percent increase from the 1997 U.S